Does The Duty of Utmost Good Faith Apply to Claims
Date: May 04, 2006
Authors: Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Originally the duty of utmost good faith was a common law concept which applied directly to contracts of insurance. The introduction of the Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (the Act) brought about a fundamental change to this duty - the Act states ‘a contract of insurance is based on the utmost good faith and there is implied in such a contract a provision requiring each party to it to act towards the other party, in respect of any matter arising under or in relation to it, with the utmost good faith.’ Today the duty of the utmost good faith must be looked at from both the common law and statutory perspectives with respect to obligations owed by insurers to insureds once a claim has been lodged under an insurance policy. Insurance contracts are subject to the duty of utmost good faith because each party to the contract must act with the utmost good faith with respect to their dealings with one another. This duty is not to be confused with the duty of disclosure which deals with the pre-contractual obligations of the parties and is otherwise dealt with under the Act.
Effectively the duty of utmost good faith is now implied in contracts of insurance which previously was not the case at common law. At common law the strict application of the duty might have resulted in an insurer entitled to avoid a contract of insurance ad initio (from inception). The difference now is that as an implied term in a contract of insurance a breach of the duty by the insurer can now give rise to a claim for damages in contract in relation to the settlement of a claim. As the meaning of “utmost good faith” is not defined in the Act reference must be had to some of the cases in this area. What is important to keep in mind is that duty focuses on the word “utmost” and that this is the measure of good faith relied upon with fairness and honesty being part of it. Of course the duty has to be viewed objectively and it applies globally to all aspects of the relationship between an insurer and insured encompassing the payment and settlement of claims. There is an argument that the duty may have some precontractual force although this does not have much currency. Given that we are talking about an insured being able to sue under the Act for damages for breach of an implied term of the duty of utmost good faith, this begs the question: whether or not an insurer could be held liable in damages where they have exhibited bad faith? Suffice to say, in the USA bad faith claims have been around for many years and perhaps this area of the law may develop in Australia in future although the courts have expressed otherwise.
One of the vexing questions which remains to be asked is whether in certain circumstances an insured’s duty to act with good faith extends to third parties along with the utmost good faith. Recent cases suggest that there can be a breach of a duty of utmost good faith even where the insurer has not acted dishonestly and where third party interests are involved. As matters currently stand there is no tort of bad faith and a breach of the duty can only result in a liability for damages for breach of contract. In a recent case the New South Wales Court of Appeal ruled that an insurer has a duty of good faith and fair dealing not only to an insured but to those who benefit under a policy. The court said that the duty of good faith applies where the policy is at least for the indirect benefit of the insured. Despite this there remains considerable doubt as to whether the duty of utmost good faith extends to third parties as the duty that the court is talking about here is one of good faith and fair dealing.
Whether you be an insurer or insured and you become involved with a problem claim(s), seek independent legal advice from LAC Lawyers to address your concerns.
Insurance Law - Rainstorm, Flood Insurance and Cyclone Insurance Claims - Part 1
Date: February 02, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
During December 2010 and January 2011, large areas of central and eastern Queensland have faced the full fury of nature in the form of devastating rain storm, flash flooding over land which is generally completely dry, and flood from overflowing watercourses being streams, rivers, lakes or reservoirs. In late January / early February, coastal Queensland is also being threatened by a category two and by a category 5 hurricane which might cause further damage to infrastructure, homes and businesses.
Insurance Law - Rainstorm, Flood Insurance and Cyclone Insurance Claims - Part 2
Date: February 02, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The law in this area is complex. The precise policy wording needs to be taken into account and legal advice should be obtained. By way of general proposition only, the following statements maybe relevant.
Insurance Law - Rainstorm, Flood Insurance and Cyclone Insurance Claims - Part 3
Date: February 02, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The Insurance Contract Act obliges insurers to particularly notify insured’s of what is regarded as an “unusual term” prior to the contract of insurance being entered into. If such notification does not take place, insurers cannot rely upon such an unusual term to deny a claim. To do so amounts to a breach of the duty of utmost good faith owed to insureds by insurers. The notification must amount to a description and explanation of the effect of the term rather merely than notifying the term itself.
Insurance Law - Queensland, New South Wales and Victorian Flood Claims - Part 1
Date: January 21, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
During the course of the current storm disaster catastrophic damage has been experienced in all of the eastern states of Australia. Interestingly we have all heard of estimates of $500M, $1B, $5B and now $20B from the ANZ’s economists. In other words the rebuilding costs for floods will be substantial. As the Queensland Premier says, the damage bill will be noteworthy and that 28,000 homes will need to be rebuilt at a cost of approximately $8B out of a total rebuilding cost of $20B.
Insurance Law - Queensland, New South Wales and Victorian Flood Claims - Part 2
Date: January 21, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
In all such cases where there has been catastrophic water damage through the incident of storm and/or flood it is obvious that the full benefits of an insurance policy are more fully available where the cause of the damage is storm. That is, even where an insured does not have the benefit of flood cover and they can rely upon their policy of insurance for storm cover they are far better off irrespective of the type of building damaged without extending the policy.
Insurance Law - New South Wales and Queensland Emergency Flood Claims
Date: January 06, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Recently Eastern Australia has been swept by massive storms which have caused extensive storm and/or flood damage to both domestic and business establishments. The problem when it comes to flood damge is that many insureds fail to understand what their rights are and that under many policies flood damage is either not covered or only nominally.
Insurance Contracts Act - Changes to Insurance Law and Practice for Insureds, Insurers and Brokers
Date: August 02, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Important amendments to the Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (Commonwealth) (“the ICA”) were expected to be passed by the Commonwealth Government in the Spring session of the 2010 Parliament. Their passage will now have to await the sitting of the new Parliament in late 2010.
Insurance Law - Product Liability
Date: May 10, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Generally product liability in law refers to the responsibility or the liability of manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who produce and supply goods/products to the public which result in damages or injury caused by the use of a defective product.
Insurance Law and Business Interruption Insurance
Date: December 05, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
People in business insure their premises, contents and stock against the material damage risks of fire, explosion and other perils, but have they given the same thought to the other problems which would arise following any of these events, the problems which manifest themselves when the fire engines have driven away.
Insurance Law - Storm Claims and the Newcastle/Hunter Region
Date: June 21, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Although underinsurance or the lack of insurance is a major problem for the community in both good and bad times its importance is critical in times of natural disasters including storms and cyclones. Every time there is a major storm either general or localised flooding is a problem.
What to expect when you call LAC Lawyers
Date: December 13, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
LAC Lawyers is a full service firm dedicated to the provision of superior legal services in Australia. Our aim is to provide unrivalled client satisfaction coupled with high quality service and advice. When you call LAC Lawyers our friendly reception staff will spend time with you to identify the area of law your enquiry relates to then pass you on to one of our qualified solicitor's who can help you.
Insurance Law - The different types of Insurance Claims and why they are sometimes denied
Date: October 09, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Claims are often denied by insurers for a variety of reasons. They may have been denied for anything from non-disclosure of material fact through to fraud or over-capitalisation of loss. Interestingly, there has been a fundamental change over the last ten years in the approach taken by insurers with the denial of claims.
The Benefits of Hiring A Lawyer
Date: August 16, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The old adage “you get what you pay for” is as true today as it has ever been.
Australian General Insurance Claims Practice
Date: August 02, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Why stay with your lawyer
Date: August 01, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The lawyer/client relationship is a personal one and there are many reasons which will dictate who you can and cannot work with. If you don’t like your lawyer, should you change? Ultimately, the relationship between a lawyer and client must be built on mutual trust.
Claim Brokers
Date: May 02, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Many corporate, commercial and business insureds shrug off the idea that they won’t get a fair deal from their insurer because of their buying power and they have an Insurance & Risk Manager, a Company Secretary/Finance Director and/or an Insurance Broker who are there to ensure this can’t and won’t happen. Think again.
Why Insurance Claims Are Not Paid
Date: May 02, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
What Impact Has Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) Had On Damages and Personal Responsibility?
Date: February 12, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Essentially the change has been profound as people are now required to look after themselves and take responsibility for their actions. The Civil Liability Act mainly deals with the question of damages whereas the amending Act deals with liability, but, with that said, the courts now pay proper respect for the concept of personal responsibility as required under the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) ("the Act") and the Civil Liability Amendment (Personal Responsibility) Act 2003 ("the Amending Act").
What Insurance Crisis - Is There Really One Following The Collapse Of HIH and FAI?
Date: February 12, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Many commentators have gone out of their way to suggest there was an insurance crisis and that it arose out of increased litigation, more successful claims and higher awarded damages which led to the unaffordability of public, products and professional indemnity insurance.