Setting up a discretionary trust

Date: July 04, 2009

Authors: Adrian Culas LL.B. (Hons.), CLP.

What is a trust?

A trust is a relationship where a person (The Trustee) is under an obligation to hold property or assets for a benefit of a group of persons called the Beneficiaries. The relationship and terms of the Trust are contained in the Trust Deed executed by the Trustee and the Settlor.

Discretionary Trust

A discretionary trust is a trust where the beneficiaries and or their entitlement to the trust assets are determined by the terms and condition of the trust and at the discretion of the Trustee rather than being based on a fixed entitlement.

The benefits of a Discretionary Trust.

Discretionary Trusts allow:-

  1. allows financial provisions to be made for family members including young children and children with disability;
  2. children to enjoy the family wealth without the loss of control over the assets by the parent(s);
  3. a framework for the family assets to remain in the family circle;
  4. protection against creditors;
  5. a tax effective structure.

The elements of a Discretionary trust.

For the purpose of creating a discretionary trust, it is important to identify and understand the terminology used in establishing a discretionary trust which can be summarised as follows:-

1. The Trustee

Strictly speaking the Trustee is the legal owner of the trust assets although the Trustee is not considered as the beneficial owner of the assets. The Trustee carries out all transaction of the trust in his own name and must execute all documents for and behalf of the trust. Therefore Trustees owe fiduciary duties to beneficiaries in carrying out their task under the Trust. Importantly, the Trustee must not put himself in a position of conflict between the interests of the trust and his personal interests.

2. The Settlor

The Settlor is the person who creates the Trust by settling a sum of money on trust for the beneficiaries. The Settlor must not derive any benefit from the trust and therefore cannot be a beneficiary under the trust. The Settlor does not have any obligation under the trust other than paying a sum to create the trust and executing the Trust Deed.

3. The Beneficiaries

The Beneficiaries are the people benefiting from the trust. However the beneficiaries do not have an interest in the assets of the trust other than those benefits provided to them upon the Trustee exercising his/her powers under the Trust Deed. The Beneficiaries merely have a right to be considered or a mere expectancy under the trust until such time as the Trustee exercises their rights under the trust.

4. The Appointor

The Appointor is the person named in the Trust Deed as having power to remove the trustee(s) and appoint new Trustee(s). The Appointor controls the Trustee and therefore indirectly controls the Trust. The Appointor has the power to remove a class of beneficiaries and appoint a new one.

5. The Trust Deed

The Trust Deed defines the relationship between the Trustee and the beneficiaries. The Trust Deed sets out the terms and conditions governing the powers of the Trustee.

At LAC Lawyers, we are able to provide advice on the benefits of various trust structures and the tax ramifications involved when choosing an appropriate trust structure. Various considerations and benefits needs to be considered and addressed when establishing a discretionary trust for the purpose of conducting a business, making an investment or providing for family members or asset protection.

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