Tax Law - Large business entities(Part 1)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The ATO does not treat large business entities with the same anonymity as other taxpayers, since there are relatively few of them and they contribute a disproportionate amount to revenues. This article deals with the special rules developed by the ATO to deal with, and engage with, large businesses.
Tax Law - Large business entities(Part 2)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The ATO does not treat large business entities with the same anonymity as other taxpayers, since there are relatively few of them and they contribute a disproportionate amount to revenues. This article deals with the special rules developed by the ATO to deal with, and engage with, large businesses.
Tax Law - Large business entities(Part 3)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The ATO does not treat large business entities with the same anonymity as other taxpayers, since there are relatively few of them and they contribute a disproportionate amount to revenues. This article deals with the special rules developed by the ATO to deal with, and engage with, large businesses.
Tax Law - Large business entities(Part 4)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The ATO does not treat large business entities with the same anonymity as other taxpayers, since there are relatively few of them and they contribute a disproportionate amount to revenues. This article deals with the special rules developed by the ATO to deal with, and engage with, large businesses.
Tax Law - Debt Recovery - False or misleading statements(Part 2 of 4)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article deals with the ATO’s power to impose and increase administrative penalties upon unpaid tax debts, in situations where the taxpayer has made a false or misleading statement.
Tax Law - Debt Recovery - False or misleading statements(Part 3 of 4)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article deals with the ATO’s power to impose and increase administrative penalties upon unpaid tax debts, in situations where the taxpayer has made a false or misleading statement. This part of the article deals with “recklessness.”
Tax Law - Debt Recovery - False or misleading statements(part 4 of 4)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article deals with the ATO’s power to impose and increase administrative penalties upon unpaid tax debts, in situations where the taxpayer has made a false or misleading statement. This part of the article deals with “intentional disregard”.
Tax Law - Interest paid by the ATO
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
It is usual to think of interest, in relation to tax related amounts, only in terms of interest payable by the taxpayer to the ATO (such as the general interest charge). However, there are limited situations where the ATO will be obliged to pay interest to taxpayers. This article deals with these situations.
Tax Law - Natural disasters
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article deals with the special dispensations that the ATO gives, for taxpayers who are affected significantly by natural disasters. Natural disasters which the ATO will deal leniently include floods, bushfires and storms. Sometimes the Commissioner will release a statement that a particular recent natural disaster will qualify for leniency, such as happened during the Queensland floods of early 2011.
Tax Law - Promoter penalty laws(Part 3)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This part of this article on the promoter penalty regime covers the actions that may be taken against promoters who are liable for penalties.
Tax Law - Wine equalisation tax
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article deals with a somewhat unusual form of taxation which applies to wholesalers of wine. The wine equalisation tax (WET) is a value based tax administered by the ATO for the "last wholesale sale" of wine, particularly grape wine products. Normally, this would be the transaction that occurs where the wholesaler sells wine to a retailer.
Tax Laws - Promoter penalty laws(Part 1)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The ATO is desirous of maximising returns upon monies spent on tax enforcement. Thus, it can often make sense to target entities which promote tax avoidance and evasion schemes to multiple taxpayers. Targeting such entities can save the revenue from multiple acts of tax avoidance/evasion.
Tax Laws - Promoter penalty laws(Part 2)
Date: January 17, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
Part 1 of this article dealt with identifying the promoter entity for the purposes of the promoter penalty laws. This part of the article deals with difficulties relating to identifying the promoter of a scheme, in the case of different forms of entity, arrangement and structure.
Family Law - Contesting Wills - Family Law Provision Claims - Case Note - Successful judgment of claimant of deceased lover and son
Date: January 16, 2012
Author(s): Patrick Mulligan B.A., LL.B.
Case note: Whitehead v State Trustees Limited [2011] VSC 424 (2 September 2011)
Family Law - Age of Consent
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
The concept of age of consent aims to protect young and innocent children from the physical and psychological harm caused by engaging in sexual intercourse before they are mature enough to consent to this kind of action.
Family Law - Child Sexual Abuse
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
Sexual abuse can happen to both men and women, even children. No gender or age is exempted, that is why it is important to spread awareness on how the family and the community can protect each and everyone, especially the most vulnerable member of society, our children.
Family Law - Children and the Criminal Justice System
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
The criminal justice system in Australia provides a set of processes and practices when dealing with children and young people who are alleged offenders or who have been found guilty of committing a crime. It encompasses the general process of arresting, charging and sentencing a child offender and the legal orders provided by the courts.
Family Law - Grandparents and Their Rights
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
In recent years, the role of grandparents has become increasingly significant. Considering the increase of family breakdown, participation of both parents in the labour force, financial difficulties, single parenthood, cost of child care, more grandparents are yearning to know their rights on how they could regularly contact their grandchildren and what they can do to help care for their grandchildren.
Family Law - Terminating Pregnancy: What you need to know
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
Abortion is the end or termination of pregnancy which can be performed in the early stages, that is, during the first trimester (up to 12 weeks) of pregnancy. However, there are instances where abortion is performed in the second trimester (12-24 weeks) or more rarely, in the third trimester (24-36 weeks).
Family Law- Children and Criminal Responsibility
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
Although difficult to fathom, we cannot deny the fact that children as young as 10 years old are capable of committing a crime. The Australian legal system acknowledges that children require special attention, consideration and protections. As a result, a number of legislations and common law particularly deal with children and young people and how they ought to be treated in the criminal justice system.
Family Law - Alternative Dispute Resolution
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
We all know that the court process can be costly and time consuming. It also can, more often than not, damage and irreparably fracture a relationship. This is the reason why people tend to seek other alternatives to resolve their issues without going through the court's intervention. As the name connotes, alternative dispute resolution is an alternative to the court process. It aims to assist parties to resolve their dispute without the need to go to a hearing. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process can assist parties to achieve better resolutions, maintain a harmonious relationship (this is significantly important in a parent-child relationship), and diminish the delay and legal expenses.
Family Law - Conciliation Conference and Procedure
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
A Conciliation Conference is an avenue for parties in dispute to achieve a mutual agreement. The Court encourages parties to make an honest effort to reach an agreement. This will not only save time and money, but it also has the potential of avoiding irreparable damage to the parties� relationship. The Conciliation Conference is supervised by an independent and partial Conciliator. The Conciliator will evaluate the case, assist the parties in identifying the issues in dispute and explore options for settling the parties' dispute, before any legal actions can take place.
Criminal Law - Compensation for Victim of Crime
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
In Australia, all states and territories have approved counselling schemes and statutory compensation schemes that aim to provide support and rehabilitation for victims of crimes of violence.
Family Law - Parental Leave
Date: January 13, 2012
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
The Fair Work Act (Cth) 2009 consists of a number of provisions that promotes a balance between work and family life. The Act provides employees with a number of entitlements, including: parental leave; special maternity leave; pre-adoption leave; foster parent leave; and the right to return to work.
Tax Law - Demerger(Part 5) – Cost base calculation
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A complicated and often misunderstood area of tax law is the CGT and dividend tax relief available in respect of demergers. A demerger occurs when a group of entities (basically, companies or fixed trusts) divides itself into multiple entities or groups in a certain way. This part of the article goes into more detail about how the interest-holders of the head entity ought to adjust the cost bases of the interests in the demerged entity they end up holding.
Tax Law - Debt recovery - False or misleading statements
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article deals with the ATO’s power to impose and increase administrative penalties upon unpaid tax debts, in situations where the taxpayer has made a false or misleading statement.
Tax Law - CGT and Death(Part 2) – Inherited dwelling exemption
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The CGT regime was introduced in 1985 to ensure that capital amounts, which were formerly largely exempt from income tax, would be brought within the income tax regime. As a general rule, net capital gains from the happening of CGT events to CGT assets of a taxpayer on or after 20 September 1985 are included in the taxpayer’s assessable income.
However, there are a number of exemptions for the CGT where a taxpayer may be entitled to either full or partial exemption. This part of the article, and Part 3, deal with the special CGT exemption for inherited dwellings.
Tax Law - CGT calculation (Part 1) - Capital gains and the general discount
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The CGT regime, brought in in 1985, was intended to bring capital amounts, which otherwise be exempt from income tax, into the taxpayer’s assessable income.
Tax Law - CGT calculation (Part 3) - Indexation
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
There are three permitted methods for calculating CGT; the standard method, the general discount method and the indexation method. The taxpayer can only use one of these methods. The previous two parts of this article dealt with the standard and general discount methods. This part will deal with the indexation method.
Tax Law - CGT exemption essentials
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article sets out in summary form the various available forms of CGT exemption, some of which are dealt with in more detail in companion articles.
Tax Law - Consolidation essentials
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
Needless to say, separate income taxation of multiple entities can prove complex and costly. Complex tax administration requires resources and personnel that could otherwise be used. That said, the ATO allows wholly-owned groups to consolidate for taxation purposes. The consolidation regime is itself extremely complicated. This article sets out the basics of the regime and how it applies.
Tax Law - Cost base (Part 2) - Costs of ownership
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A capital gain exists where the capital proceeds attributable to a capital event exceed the cost base of the relevant CGT asset.
Tax Law - Cost Base(Part 1) - Costs of acquisition
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A capital gain exists where the capital proceeds attributable to a capital event exceed the cost base of the relevant CGT asset. Capital proceeds are relatively simple to calculate. The more involved issue is the calculation of the cost base of the asset.
Tax Law - Cost Base(Part 3) – Reduced cost base
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A capital gain exists where the capital proceeds attributable to a capital event exceed the cost base of the relevant CGT asset. However, a capital loss exists where the capital proceeds are exceeded by the reduced cost base of the asset.
Tax Law - Main residence exemption - Part 1 of 3
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
CGT normally applies to capital gains that arise upon the disposal of land. To most individuals, the most important exemption applicable to this situation is the main residence exemption.
Tax Law - Main Residence Exemption – Part 2 of 3
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
CGT normally applies to capital gains that arise upon the disposal of land. To most individuals, the most important exemption applicable to this situation is the main residence exemption.
Tax Law - Marital breakdown rollover(Part 1)
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article deals with the CGT rollovers that apply to CGT events occurring upon the breakdown of a marriage or relationship.
Tax Law - Widely based tax disputes(Part 1)
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
Taxation is a complex and ever-evolving field where, inevitably, oddities and contradictions arise every so often. The ATO is aware of this likelihood. Typically, a dispute over the application of tax law is between the ATO and a taxpayer over a specific tax matter. However, there are times when disputes between taxpayers and the ATO, over the same matter, happen on a larger scale. These instances are what the ATO calls as widely-based tax disputes.
Tax Law - Widely based tax disputes(Part 3)
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This part of this article looks at the principles that the ATO uses when assessing a settlement proposal relating to a widely-based tax dispute.
Tax Law- CGT Calculation(Part 2) – More about the general discount
Date: January 12, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
As we saw in Part 1 of this article, one of the three alternative techniques for calculating capital gains on the happening of a CGT event, is the general discount method. Using this method, entities including individuals and trusts may receive up to a 50% reduction of the capital gain that would otherwise exist.
Family Law - Binding Financial Agreements - Pre-Nuptial Agreements - Will a court enforce a BFA that is a bad bargain for one of the parties?
Date: January 11, 2012
Author(s): Patrick Mulligan B.A., LL.B.
This case concerned a couple that entered into a biding financial agreement (BFA) after they separated. They were married for 17 years. They entered into the BFA after they separated in 2007. The relevant clauses of the agreement provided that the home was estimated at $750,000 provided that repairs were undertaken. The husband had to undertake the repairs which were estimated at around $31,000.
Tax Law - Demergers - Relief for the members of the original demerger group
Date: January 07, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A complicated and often misunderstood area of tax law is the CGT and dividend tax relief available in respect of demergers. A demerger occurs when a group of entities (basically, companies or fixed trusts) divides itself into multiple entities or groups in a certain way.
Tax Law - Demergers - Demerger Tests
Date: January 07, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A complicated and often misunderstood area of tax law is the CGT and dividend tax relief available in respect of demergers. A demerger occurs when a group of entities (basically, companies or fixed trusts) divides itself into multiple entities or groups in a certain way.
Tax Law - Demergers - relief for interest holders of the head entity
Date: January 07, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A complicated and often misunderstood area of tax law is the CGT and dividend tax relief available in respect of demergers. A demerger occurs when a group of entities (basically, companies or fixed trusts) divides itself into multiple entities or groups in a certain way.
Tax Law - Demergers - What is a Demerger?
Date: January 07, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A complicated and often misunderstood area of tax law is the CGT and dividend tax relief available in respect of demergers. A demerger occurs when a group of entities (basically, companies or fixed trusts) divides itself into multiple entities or groups in a certain way.
Tax Law - Unfair preference payment claims against the ATO
Date: January 07, 2012
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
This article deals with a little-known form of action that may be taken against the ATO by a liquidator – namely, an unfair preference payment claim against the ATO itself.
Family Law - Binding Financial Agreements - Spousal Maintenance Provisions - The power of courts to order spousal maintenance regardless of binding financial agreements
Date: November 29, 2011
Author(s): Patrick Mulligan B.A., LL.B.
Family Law – What can I do if my partner has given away or transferred property during the relationship, separation or divorce?
Date: November 29, 2011
Author(s): Patrick Mulligan B.A., LL.B.
The purpose of this article is to explain the court’s power to set aside transfers of property and transactions by a party to a relationship. This power is available to the court pursuant to s106B of the Family Law Act 1975. A claimant may apply to the court for an order under this section where a proposed or actual transaction or disposition of property by a party will have the effect or likely effect of defeating property and maintenance related orders under the Family Law Act 1975.
Employment Law - Redundancy - Unfair Dismissal - Should Employers Offer a Lower Paid Position to Employees?
Date: November 29, 2011
Author(s): Patrick Mulligan B.A., LL.B.
The purpose of this article is to review Margolina v Jenny Craig Weight Loss Centres Pty Ltd [2011]FWA 5215. This case addressed issues of whether it would have been reasonable to redeploy the employee into a lower paying position when she was made redundant. She argued that it was not a genuine redundancy as the employer never offered her alternative employment in a lower paid position.
Employment Law - Unfair Dismissal or a Genuine Redundancy? When is Redeployment Reasonable?
Date: November 29, 2011
Author(s): Patrick Mulligan B.A., LL.B.
A common issue in termination of employment is determining whether the employee has been unfairly dismissed or made redundant. The employer may have told the employee that it is a genuine redundancy.
Tax Law - Cash Economy - Data Matching - Privacy - Pursuing Tax Offenders
Date: November 24, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The government founded the Australian Taxation Office for one primary reason: to collect taxes and tax-related liabilities. The ATO has the responsibility to ensure that every taxpayer pays the correct amount of tax and excise under the law. That said, the ATO has been given power to pursue individuals and entities who are not complying with their tax-related responsibilities including those who provide false information.
Tax Law - Cash Economy Letters Program - Results
Date: November 24, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Putting a stop to businesses that operate in the cash economy could be as simple as informing them that they are indeed operating illegally. That said, the ATO has carried out a project to reduce the risk induced from businesses participating in underground economy called cash economy letters program.
Tax Law - Defining the Cash Economy
Date: November 24, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The cash economy is often referred to as “black”, “hidden”, or “underground” economy. The essence of the cash economy is when business transactions go unrecorded or unreported to the ATO. Hence, they gain an unfair advantage over other businesses which choose to comply with the requirements of the ATO by deliberately evading their tax-related obligations.
Tax Law - The Cash Economy - Detection
Date: November 24, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The ATO has pursued tax offenders, especially businesses that participate in the cash or underground economy. In 2010, the government has given the ATO an extra $445 million over the next four years in order to crackdown on the cash economy and GST(goods and services tax) compliance and is expected to gain over $3.2 billion in lost revenue over that period.
Tax Law - Cash Economy - Small Business Benchmarks
Date: November 18, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Business benchmarks allow the ATO, as well as corporate entities to compare the performance of a business to another business in the same industry. In doing so, the ATO is able to discern the different turnover ranges for businesses in an industry. That said, discrepancies from business to business will shed light on which businesses are participating in cash economy or not. As of this writing, the ATO has developed benchmarks for more than 100 industries.
Tax Law - Cash Economy - Voluntary Disclosure - Remission of Penalties and Charges
Date: November 18, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
A voluntary disclosure can involve an entity informing the ATO about a false or misleading statement they made without being prompted or persuaded to do so. It has inherent advantages, one of which is a reduction in penalties and interest. Voluntary Disclosure is an area which is really misunderstood by most tax lawyers or accountants including the role of a Prudential Auditor. Most professionals go about it the wrong way and rarely achieve a good result.
Criminal Law - Child Abduction
Date: November 16, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
Abduction is defined as the unauthorised removal of a minor from the custody of the child’s natural or legally appointed guardians.
Australia is party to the Hague Convention, an international agency that battles the prevention and eradication of child abduction. The Hague Convention is a multilateral legal treaty signed by Australia, as well as many Asian countries, European countries and the US in which they agreed to assist one another when possible child abduction may arise.
Criminal Law - Child Abuse
Date: November 16, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
There is no exact figure as to how many children in Australia are suffering from child abuse. But one thing is for sure, it is heart-breaking. It is a complex issue that is all too often ignored. Child abuse is a situation where a child suffers significant harm from an injury caused by the child’s parent or guardian. This can take the form of emotional, mental or physical abuse.
Criminal Law - Fatal Child Neglect
Date: November 16, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
Child neglect should never be taken lightly, because often enough, it can lead to the death of a child. Fatal neglect is defined as the death of a child as a result of inadequate care. As a result, the child suffers from extreme conditions of deprivation, such as malnutrition and inadequate health care.
Tax Law - Companies - Company Tax Debt and Recovery
Date: November 15, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Company tax debts come into existence in a number of ways. Normally they are the function of the incapacity to pay for any of a number of reasons. In all such cases company directors assume personal liability where nothing is done to address the company’s taxation debt particularly after a director’s penalty notice has been served on them and the 21 day grace period has expired without action.
Tax Law - Debt Recovery - Freezing Assets and Mareva Injunctions
Date: November 15, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The power to freeze assets is an integral part of minimising the risk to the revenue when dealing with assets where a taxpayer attempts to frustrate the tax office recovering the amount of any tax debt. It provides the Commissioner of Taxation with a tool to prevent a debtor from evading tax-related liabilities by dealing with assets in such a way as to frustrate the execution of a judgment. Freezing assets allows the ATO to minimise this risk.
Tax Law - Debt Recovery - Overpayments
Date: November 15, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
In the normal course of things taxpayers account to the tax office for tax monies to satisfy their tax related liabilities. But there are instances in which a person may receive money from the ATO which is in excess of their entitlements to a refund or otherwise. Where this occurs the monies received fall under Section 8AAZN of the TAA 1953 as an administrative overpayment.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Restrictions on Overseas Travel
Date: November 15, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The Commissioner of Taxation has the power to stop tax debtors from leaving Australia if they have unpaid tax liabilities or have not provided a suitable arrangement to address the debt by placing them on airport watch. This applies to both Australian and foreign nationals who are liable to pay taxes to the ATO unless a deportation order under the Deportation Act 1958 is issued by the Commonwealth.
Tax Law - Companies - Late Payments - Directors Penalty Notices (DPN)
Date: November 14, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
As of recent times we have been approached by a number of taxpayers who are experiencing difficulties in meeting their tax and BAS obligations. It is apparent that the ATO has a much lower threshold of tolerance where BAS obligations are not met on time they are now insisting on 50% of the outstanding balance due when a payment arrangement is being negotiated.
Tax Law - Failure to Lodge (FTL) Penalty - Exemptions and Remissions of the Failure to Lodge (FTL) Penalty
Date: November 10, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The Commissioner of Taxation may remit an entity's FTL penalty on the grounds that is fair and reasonable to do so if the entity is able to show and prove how a specific event(s) have directly resulted in the taxpayers inability to lodge the documents on time. One matter which the Commissioner will take into consideration when considering to grant a remission is whether the entity has a good compliance history.
Tax Law - Failure to Lodge (FTL) Penalty - Provisions and Factors for the application of the Failure to Lodge (FTL) Penalty
Date: November 10, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Even in the fast-paced world we live in today, every person who derives income, whether through employment or business, from Australia is obliged by the ATO to comply with all of their tax-related requirements on time and in its approved form. Should a taxpayer fail to lodge tax returns, statements, notices or any other document the ATO requires from a taxpayer, then they will most likely be charged with the FTL (failure to lodge) penalty.
Tax Law - Tax Assessments - Guidelines for Disputing a Tax Debt
Date: November 10, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
A taxpayer can prepare the objection themselves or have it prepared by an authorised person on their behalf (e.g. tax lawyer or tax agent provided that they have been given written authority (a signed declaration by the taxpayer certifying the details and documents provided are true) to do so.
Tax Law - Tax Assessments - Lodging an objection
Date: November 10, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The raising of assessments by the ATO on a person or company are not absolute. There are instances where an assessment made by the ATO is unjustified. That said, taxpayers who are dissatisfied with their tax assessments and other decisions made by ATO have the right to object to some of them to ensure that any action taken to collect taxes and other tax related liabilities are in accordance with legislation.
Tax Law - Tax Debt - Disputed Debts - Legal Action
Date: November 10, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The ATO believes that the longer a tax debt remains in dispute the harder it is to recover. Disputed debt will normally increase due to the application of penalties and interest as long as the debt remains outstanding or a suitable payment arrangement has not been made by the debtor.
Family Law - Binding Financial Agreements - some Frequently Asked Questions
Date: November 08, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
A Binding Financial Agreement is a written contract between two individuals who are either married or in a de facto relationship. It contains a reached agreement between two parties in relation to their finances, division of assets and financial resources and other issues such as spousal maintenance and property settlement in the event of a marriage breakdown.
Family Law - Hidden Assets: How can the law protect you?
Date: November 08, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
Obtaining a property settlement due to divorce can be a very complicated procedure which often causes great angst and stress amongst all parties involved. Our Family Law Solicitors understand that as a result, people are often led to hiding their assets, in order to ensure that their former partner does not receive a just and equitable amount. However, this is a breach of their statutory obligations to make a full and frank and disclosure and our Family Law Solicitors will ensure that all information are brought to the table by your former spouse.
Family Law - Property Financial Statements
Date: November 08, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
In financial cases, parties are required to file a financial statement with their initiating application. A financial statement contains a detailed summary of an individual's financial condition. The parties must also file an amended financial statement later in the proceedings if their circumstances change.
Family Law - Property Settlement Proceedings
Date: November 08, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
The parties to the marriage are under a legal obligation, under the Family Law Rules, to try and resolve and differences between them by way of an alternative dispute resolution (ADR). ADRs may include negotiation, family counseling, conciliation or arbitration. In the event that ADR is unsuccessful, try writing to the other party, setting out your claim and perhaps making proposals for settlement.
Family Law - The Legal Obligation of Full And Frank Disclosure
Date: November 08, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
As at 1 June 2009, the Family Law Rules provides that each party to a case has a duty to the Court and to each party to give full and frank disclosure of all information relevant to a case, in a timely manner. Such obligation is of particular significance to proceedings relating to spousal maintenance; declarations of interests in property; alterations of property interests; setting aside property orders; maintenance agreements and their termination.
Family Law - Divorce - Irretrievable Breakdown
Date: October 27, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
Divorce is something that no couples would wish for, but in reality, it happens. It can be extremely distressing and the complex procedure required by the law can further enhance the emotional burden on both parties.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Personal Liabilities of Directors for Company Tax Debts
Date: October 24, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
In most situations where a company has a tax debt, the Commissioner of Taxation and the ATO will respect the “corporate veil” and not touch the assets or money of the individual directors or shareholders.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Irrecoverable Debts
Date: October 24, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The ATO can sometimes seem to have boundless energy when pursuing tax debts. However, it is important for taxpayers to be aware of the situations when even the ATO will give up the chase.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Writs and Warrants of Execution
Date: October 24, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
A writ or warrant of execution (hereafter “warrant”) is issued by a court to authorise its sheriff or bailiff to seize assets of the judgment debtor and sell it to pay the judgment debt amount.
Family Law - Property Settlements - The Four Step Process
Date: October 21, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
Decisions associated with property settlement can be complicated and exhausting. To guide the parties who undergo property settlement, there are four steps process to follow.
Family Law - Property Settlements - First Steps
Date: October 20, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
A marriage or relationship breakdown can be difficult and emotinally exhausting. It involves a lot of decision-making and adjustments whether for child custody, property settlements or maintenance orders. This is the reason why the Family Law Act has numerous provisions that can help support parties in the division of their assets.
Tax Law - General Interest Charge or GIC
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The ATO has several means of discouraging the late payment of tax liabilities. Of these, the most basic and universally applied is the general interest charge (GIC).
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Bankruptcy and Liquidation Factors
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
In our companion articles Tax debt recovery: bankruptcy and Tax debt recovery: liquidation, we already discussed the basics of when the Commissioner will impose these harsh measures. However, an important issue for a taxpayer who is subject to these measures is what factors the Commissioner takes, or should take, into account when deciding to impose them.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Company Arrangements in Lieu of Liquidation
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
As may be seen in our companion articles Tax debt recovery: liquidation and Tax debt recovery: bankruptcy and liquidation factors, the Commissioner of Taxation will only seek liquidation of a debtor company in extreme circumstances. This article deals with ATO policy when choosing to enter a deed of company arrangement with a debtor company, as an alternative to imposing liquidation.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Compromise of Tax Debts
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
If the Commissioner accepts an application from a tax debtor to compromise their tax debt, then the Commonwealth will accept a payment that is lower than the full tax debt. Applying for a compromise is often the first thing a tax debtor will think of if an outstanding tax debt cannot be paid. However, as will be seen, it is not a very desirable solution.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Indemnity Requests upon Liquidation or Bankruptcy
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
When a tax debtor is subject to bankruptcy or liquidation, either a trustee or liquidator will take over the taxpayer’s assets and undertake to pay the debts of the taxpayer as best as possible. These debts include debts to the ATO as well as other debts. The trustee or liquidator will often find itself in a situation where a certain action, such as litigation, will result in more funds being available to pay creditors.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Liquidation
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
When the ATO and Commissioner of Taxation decide to impose measures upon a company taxpayer with a tax debt, the most extreme sanction available is that of liquidation. As can be imagined, this harsh measure is not imposed lightly.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Paying by Installments
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
The ATO expects taxpayers to pay taxes when they fall due. Ordinarily this puts the onus on the taxpayer to ensure that their cash flow is always adequate to their tax related responsibilities.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - The ATO can Bankrupt you
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Jonathan Lim B.A., LL.B. (Hons)
There are many ways in which the ATO and the Commissioner of Taxation can impose sanctions upon individual taxpayers who are late in paying tax liabilities. Of these, the most severe sanction is that of bankruptcy under the Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth).
Tax Law - Trusts - Misconceptions
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Tax Law - Trusts - Resettlement
Date: October 19, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Trusts are being utilised more and more by a wide range of businesses and individuals in our community. Listed unit trusts are being extensively used for either the development and/or acquisition of various property interests. Their popularity continues to grow because accountants promote them as the most effective taxation and asset protection structure currently available in Australia as well as producing substantial fees for them.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - Installment Arrangements
Date: October 17, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Unfortunately there are circumstances that arise which impede a taxpayer’s ability to pay taxes. It could be said that in tough times like the present this is one of those times. As the saying goes “the only things that are certain in life are death and taxes”. Where finances are short there are some options which need to be considered.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - The role of the ATO in Recovering Tax Debts
Date: October 17, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Tax revenue is the biggest revenue stream for most countries. It is what funds roads, highways and bridges for trade and travel, it funds schools, hospitals and other institutions in service of the public; it is what finances the majority of the arenas, courts, stadiums or recreational centres; it makes relief efforts possible and delivers relief to those stricken by disaster.
Tax Law - Tax Debts - The value of security
Date: October 17, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Security is the most effective way for an entity to prove to the ATO that the taxpayer has the financial capacity to pay the debt owed. The existence of securities allows the ATO to hold the debtor’s asset to effectively recover the debt.
Family Law - Relocation of Children
Date: October 13, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
LAC Family Lawyers are able to advise parents of children who wish to relocate or whose former partners wish to relocate and hence affect the location or visitation rights of the parents. Our Family Lawyers are able to provide compassionate advice in order to protect the best interests of the child and ensure that you as the parent maintain access to your children.
Family Law - Best Interest of a Child
Date: October 12, 2011
Author(s): Angelita Manlangit LL.B.
LAC Lawyers are experienced family lawyers who understand the intricacies of family relationships and the issues that arise when a marriage ends. Our family lawyers will be able to guide you through all the issues involved in marriage breakdown including the best interests of the child.
Tax Law - Debt Recovery
Date: October 12, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Over the last several months there has been a significant increase in the number of taxpayers who have approached us with respect to either actual or threatened debt recovery proceedings from the ATO. In a number of these cases the ATO is threatening to make taxpayers bankrupt or wind up their companies where they have been tax non-compliant over a period of time.
Tax Law - The ATO and Debt Recovery
Date: October 12, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The current economic environment has meant that there are a number of people and/or businesses who are suffering financially. There is much commentary about the existence of a two-speed economy in Australia as we saw with GFC 1 and now with GFC 2. There will be an increase in the number of taxpayers whether company or individual who will be unable to meet their ongoing obligations.
Tax Law - Trusts - Bamfords Case - Part 2
Date: August 15, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
It is well-settled proposition in trust law that trust deeds can define what income is, provided there is an adequate definition of income and the trustee has the discretion to determine what is or is not income allowing the trustee to include in income what might otherwise not be income, such as capital gains in Bamford.
Tax Law - Trusts - Bamfords Case - Part 1
Date: August 08, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Bamford’s case has settled how the definition of “income” in trust deeds is to be construed. Prior to this case there was a raging controversy as to whether the proportional or quantum approach was to be applied.
Tax Law - Foreign Exchange Losses (Forex Losses)
Date: August 05, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
In all taxation matters where clients have funds deposited overseas with a foreign bank account there can be issues where there are foreign exchange gains or losses. Many taxpayers who hold offshore funds need to be careful about how they manage these funds as foreign exchange gains and losses may or may not be deductible.
Tax Law - Money Laundering
Date: August 05, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Money laundering is considered by all organs of the government to be hard-core criminal activity which must be rigidly controlled. It is regulated under the Anti-Money Laundering & Counter Terrorism Financing Act 2006 (Cwlth) (AMLF) which became effective in December 2006 and criminalised under others. The Cwlth Government wishes to ensure that businesses and/or individuals do not engage in money laundering.
Asperger's Syndrome
Date: June 09, 2011
At LAC Lawyers we consider ourselves to be Asperger's aware and offer legal services to client's who either have Asperger's Syndrome or who have been affected by someone with Asperger's. We are sensitive to your needs and welcome any enquiry in relation to legal services for people affected by Asperger's.
Family Law - Duty Exemptions in New South Wales for Transfers Between Partners
Date: May 18, 2011
Author(s): Mark Bostock LL.B., B.Bus.
Couples may wish to transfer property between them to various reasons. They may be motivated by tax minimisation, risk management, family breakdown or other reasons. Many transfers attract duty and any decision as to transferring applicable assets should be made with parties being mindful of the potentially substantial duty liability that may emerge.
Business and Commercial Law - Agency Agreements
Date: April 13, 2011
Section 55 of the Property, Stock and Business Agents Act 2002 provides that a written agency agreement must be prepared for all services to be performed by an agent for a client (principal), unless the services relate only to livestock.
Strata Title Law - The Intricacies of Strata Living
Date: April 13, 2011
Many people are not aware that when they purchase a Strata Title they “own”, in the absolute sense is the cubic space within the inner surface of the walls so when you purchase your strata title property, you automatically acquire the unit entitlement applicable to your particular unit. The rest of the property (“Common Property”) is owned by a body called The Owner’s Corporation (the “Body Corporate”).
Tax Law - Legal Professional Privilege - Protection For Clients
Date: April 11, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
The legal professional privilege attaches to communications for the purpose of giving and receiving legal advice or for use in existing or anticipating litigation. It is will accepted that if a person prepares and then make a documentary communication to a legal advisor for the dominant purpose of obtaining legal advice, that documentary communication attracts legal professional privilege.
Tax Law - The Reach of Legal Professional Privilege
Date: April 11, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary), Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
These propositions make it clear that any document being prepared with a view in order to obtain legal advice or to aid in the conduct of litigation even if it is only an aide-memoire has privilege attached to it from the time of creation.
Tax Law - Anti-Avoidance Rules - Income Tax, GST, FBT
Date: March 28, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
There are a number of anti-avoidance provisions in the Tax Acts, their purpose being to nullify schemes or arrangements which are damaging the revenue. Whenever any such schemes or scams are identified by the Tax Office they not only look at their legal advisers but at all promoters, professionals and participants.
Tax Law - Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT) - Exemptions
Date: March 28, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Fringe Benefits Tax is not normally an area which is referred to tax lawyers except where there has been fringe benefits tax non-compliance. Section 67 of the Fringe Benefits Tax Assessment Act 1986 (FBTAA) provides the Tax Office with broad anti-avoidance powers which are similar to those that operate under Part IVA of the ITAA 1936 for income tax purposes.
Tax Law - Fringe Benefits Tax (FBT) - Considerations for Motor Vehicle FBT
Date: March 28, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Taxpayers need to know the type of analysis carried out by the ATO where car fringe benefits are involved. In order to address this properly the following matters need to be considered...
Tax Law - Income Tax - Part IVA ITAA 1936 - General Anti-Avoidance Rules
Date: March 28, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Part IVA is extremely dangerous as it has far reaching consequences and could potentially cover anything or everything done by the taxpayer(s) or their advisers. It was devised to address arrangements devised for the sole or dominant purpose of obtaining a tax benefit. Although a number of commentators construe this differently we consider “dominant” to mean “principal” but this is subject to some exceptions. Part IVA is provision of last resort and only applies where the taxpayer’s claim is otherwise allowable.
Tax Law - Objections
Date: March 27, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Normally where a taxpayer does not agree with an assessment, determination, notice, position paper or decision they may object, but this is not always available e.g. as in the case of GIC. A person’s right to lodge an objection is to be found in Part IVC of the Taxation Administration Act 1953(TAA53). Basically, an objection should focus on the subject matter of concern to the ATO disputing that part of it relating to the exercise of the Commissioner’s discretion.
Tax Law - Be wary of what you affirm in your Tax Objection to the Commissioner
Date: March 25, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
This is the first reported case where the Commissioner has successfully prosecuted a taxpayer for making a false statement. The reality of the matter is, not only does the taxpayer still have to pay the tax owing to the Commissioner; he has a criminal conviction and was sent to jail.
Tax Law - The Commissioner of Taxation will reinstate companies to recover tax debts
Date: March 25, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
The Federal Court, finding for the Commissioner, held that the taxpayer should be reinstated. It held that there would be no injustice or prejudice caused by the reinstatement, whereas, injustice might be occasioned if there was not reinstatement.
Demerit Points Can Now Be Avoided By Making A Court Election
Date: March 17, 2011
Author(s): Jana Whitby B.A., LL.B. (Hons.)
As a result of a recent change of law, individuals charged with traffic offences can now avoid having demerit points imposed by the RTA if the charges are ultimately dismissed by a Court.
MERIT (Magistrates Early Referral into Treatment)
Date: March 17, 2011
Author(s): Annette Wood B.A. (Policing), LL.B.
The aim of MERIT is to break the cycle between drugs and crime by involving defendants in treatment and rehabilitation. Under a new trial funding arrangement, MERIT is being trialed at Manly and Wollongong Local Courts for adults with alcohol problems.
Employment Law - How your Criminal History may affect your future Employment
Date: March 14, 2011
Author(s): Mark Bostock LL.B., B.Bus.
A concern faced by many who are facing prosecution is the influence a conviction may have on them should they be found guilty of a criminal offence.
The Difference between Prescribed Concerntration of Alcohol (PCA) Offences and Drive Under Influence (DUI) of Alcohol or Drug
Date: March 10, 2011
Author(s): Annette Wood B.A. (Policing), LL.B.
Police are able to conduct breath tests on drivers in NSW under certain circumstances. When a driver has been involved in a motor vehicle accident, when stopped for their manner of driving, or as it often the case at random breath test stations.
Criminal Law - Apprehended Violence Orders - Court and Penalties
Date: March 10, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The vast majority of the AVOs and PVOs are settled after negotiations and the application can either be withdrawn and dismissed, or an undertaking made not to embark on any form of specified behaviour without admissions, or with an order being made with the consent of both parties with no admissions as to the nature of the facts alleged in the application for an order.
Trusts - Special Disability Trusts
Date: March 08, 2011
If you have children, relatives or friends who suffer from a disability it is possible to set up a trust (either in your will or during your lifetime). These types of trusts are known as "Special Disability Trusts".
Family Law - Requirements of a Binding Financial Agreement (BFA)
Date: March 07, 2011
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
In 2000, the Family Law Act was amended to introduce a new type of agreement called the Binding Financial Agreement.
Taxation Law - Resident or Non-Resident for Taxation Purposes
Date: March 07, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary), Scott Gray LPAB, Grad. Dip. Legal Practice
Australian residents must declare all ordinary and statutory income no matter where in the world it is derived while non residents are only assessed on Australian sourced income.
Employment Law - Employee Theft
Date: March 07, 2011
Author(s): Annette Wood B.A. (Policing), LL.B.
Employees stealing from employers in an increasing problem. This is increasingly evident when approximately 80% of workplace crime is carried out by employees. Employee dishonesty is a crime, it can take many forms such as embezzlement of funds, false invoicing, theft of cash, false inventory, payroll fraud and computer fraud.
Estate Planning, Asset Protection and Taxation Law - An Overview of Testamentary Trusts - Part 1
Date: March 02, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
A testamentary trust is a trust created in a will. There are four parties involved in a testamentary trust...
Estate Planning, Asset Protection and Taxation Law - An Overview of Testamentary Trusts - Part 2
Date: March 02, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
A well drafted testamentary trust can also provide an opening for beneficiaries to minimize Capital Gains Tax which arises from the sale of your assets. Capital Gains Tax is not triggered when an asset belonging to you passes via your Will to your executor or the trustee of a testamentary trust. There is no Capital Gains Tax when your assets are transferred from the trustee of a testamentary trust to a beneficiary...
Taxation Law - Trusts - Types of Trusts
Date: March 01, 2011
Accountants and lawyers will tout the benefits of having a trust, but there is often confusion about the kind of trusts that the client would obtain the most benefit from. Advisors should understand the client’s personal situation before recommending any type of trust structure. This article will review some of the most common trusts that are available and the benefits of each of these different trust structures will be discussed.
Taxation Law - South African Voluntary Disclosure Program - Part 1
Date: February 22, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
On 17 February 2011 the South African Minister for Finance indicated that legislation would be introduced to allow a Voluntary Disclosure Program (VDP) covering the period November 2010 to October 2011. As with all voluntary disclosure programs the aim is to encourage applicants to disclose their tax non-compliance and be given the opportunity to become fully compliant taxpayers (Tax VDP) whilst at the same time regularising any contraventions of the Exchange Control Regulations 1961 (Excon VDP).
Taxation Law - South African Voluntary Disclosure Program - Part 2
Date: February 22, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The South African authorities have produced a guide to assist applicants. As you have seen from the previous article the word applicant is to be construed very widely and includes all classes of entities to be found in South Africa. It catches all taxes of whatever type and catches all types of breaches of the South African Exchange Controls in some cases catching advisers.
Taxation Law - South African Voluntary Disclosure Program - Part 3
Date: February 21, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Any entity recognized under South African law may apply to Finserv (VDP Division) for relief under the current Excon VDP for contraventions of the regulations prior to 28 February 2010 including South African residents who illegally took funds offshore which they either hold on a direct or indirect basis in any of a number of structures. By doing so successful applicants may regularise their exchange control affairs with respect to all unauthorized foreign assets disclosed in their application with no further action being taken against them.
Taxation Law - An Introduction to the Taxation of Trusts
Date: February 20, 2011
Author(s): Scott Gray LPAB, Grad. Dip. Legal Practice
While the declaration of a trust does not create a separate legal entity, common law does recognise the consequent fiduciary obligations imposed upon the trustee. Among those is the obligation to exercise control in accordance with the terms of the trust. It follows then that the trust, although not a separate legal entity, will be notionally treated as if it were for the purpose of determining the net income of the trust estate.
Taxation Law - Onshore and Offshore Voluntary Disclosure - Going it Alone - Traps and Pitfalls
Date: February 11, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
LAC Lawyers is one of the leaders in onshore and offshore voluntary disclosure. Currently initiatives have been announced in both South Africa and the USA offering reduced penalties and interest where a person comes forward for specified periods including the full extent of their tax non-compliance. In many cases taxpayers are prompted to prepare their own voluntary disclosure in order to save on professional fees.
Taxation Law - Cash Sales - New Benchmarks
Date: February 09, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The ATO is becoming more and more concerned about the level of tax non-compliance in the cash economy and for this reason they have focused on cash sales and developed new benchmarks. This is particularly a problem with small business as major enterprises dealing with cash such as retailers, have proper systems in place to ensure monies received are properly dealt with and the correct amount of tax in all but a few cases is properly returned to the revenue.
Taxation Law - Tax Information Exchange Agreements - Part 1
Date: February 08, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Recently at both a national and international level there has been increasing attention given to the issue of tax evasion and the use of tax havens. In a foreword to an ATO booklet titled “Tax Havens and Administration”[1] released by the ATO, the Commissioner of Taxation Michael D’Ascenzo commented that the use of tax havens.
Taxation Law - Tax Information Exchange Agreements - Part 2
Date: February 08, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Double Taxation Agreements (“DTA’s”) are bilateral agreements between two countries which prevent double taxation and fiscal evasion . DTA’s are designed to foster cooperation between international tax authorities by enforcing their respective tax laws.
Taxation Law - Tax Information Exchange Agreements - Part 3
Date: February 08, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
With the increased attention being given by the ATO and other government agencies to the issue of tax evasion in tax havens taxpayers need to be aware of current developments. The ATO has indicated that as a result of project Wickenby the ATO will focus on taxpayers engaged in tax evasion and will use new approaches (including the use of promoter penalty legislation) to target offenders.
Taxation Law - Taxpayers Seeking Advice - Complex Arrangements - Contract
Date: February 04, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
In the Weekend Financial Review for 22nd and 23rd January 2011 there appeared an article headed “Taxpayers face advice quandary”. The article was written by Katie Walsh and she opines “taxpayers with complex arrangements can be forced to seek legal advice following a recent Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) ruling that has left even tax professionals unsure as to what circumstances would warrant calling the lawyers.
Insurance Law - Rainstorm, Flood Insurance and Cyclone Insurance Claims - Part 1
Date: February 02, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
During December 2010 and January 2011, large areas of central and eastern Queensland have faced the full fury of nature in the form of devastating rain storm, flash flooding over land which is generally completely dry, and flood from overflowing watercourses being streams, rivers, lakes or reservoirs. In late January / early February, coastal Queensland is also being threatened by a category two and by a category 5 hurricane which might cause further damage to infrastructure, homes and businesses.
Insurance Law - Rainstorm, Flood Insurance and Cyclone Insurance Claims - Part 2
Date: February 02, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The law in this area is complex. The precise policy wording needs to be taken into account and legal advice should be obtained. By way of general proposition only, the following statements maybe relevant.
Insurance Law - Rainstorm, Flood Insurance and Cyclone Insurance Claims - Part 3
Date: February 02, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The Insurance Contract Act obliges insurers to particularly notify insured’s of what is regarded as an “unusual term” prior to the contract of insurance being entered into. If such notification does not take place, insurers cannot rely upon such an unusual term to deny a claim. To do so amounts to a breach of the duty of utmost good faith owed to insureds by insurers. The notification must amount to a description and explanation of the effect of the term rather merely than notifying the term itself.
Taxation Law - Tax Havens, Operation Wickenby and Money Laundering
Date: February 01, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The Tax Office was never naïve enough to believe that just because they offered the offshore voluntary disclosure initiative (OVDI) that everybody who is tax non-compliant would come forward cleaning up the tax system for ever. What they wanted to do was to offer concessional treatment to those who were sensible enough to come forward whilst at the same time making the micro adjustments to the system allowing them to put in place initiatives so that they could better identify those who wished to remain anonymous to better deal with them in future through their compliance activities and increased penalties and interest including the ability to refer them for criminal prosecution.
Taxation Law - Tax Havens, Operation Wickenby and the role of Professional Advisors
Date: February 01, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Even as the Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) had been announced on 30 November 2009 the ATO continued to step up its efforts to combat tax havens. On 14 April 2010 the Tax Office announced that it had requested information from a number of banks which it would use to identify Australian taxpayers who have not disclosed offshore income or over-claimed deductions involving international transactions.
Taxation Law - The Year That was 2010 - Tax Prosecutions in the June Quarter
Date: January 31, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
More than 360 people were convicted for tax and superannuation offences during this quarter. The Commissioner indicated convictions can range from failing to lodge tax returns to serious conduct like identity and refund fraud and defrauding the Commonwealth. He said that the Tax Office extensively cross-references information reported in tax returns with information provided by third parties to identified errors or discrepancies and last year they matched over 500,000 transactions.
Taxation Law - Garnishees - Do You Owe The Commissioner Money?
Date: January 25, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The Commissioner has an armory of tools at his disposal to collect unpaid monies. In many cases he may sue for it or alternatively he can raise a notice under section 260-5 of schedule 1 of the Taxation Administration Act 1997 (TAA97) requiring an employer to pay money to the Commissioner of Taxation on behalf of the debtor named taxpayer.
Insurance Law - Queensland, New South Wales and Victorian Flood Claims - Part 1
Date: January 21, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
During the course of the current storm disaster catastrophic damage has been experienced in all of the eastern states of Australia. Interestingly we have all heard of estimates of $500M, $1B, $5B and now $20B from the ANZ’s economists. In other words the rebuilding costs for floods will be substantial. As the Queensland Premier says, the damage bill will be noteworthy and that 28,000 homes will need to be rebuilt at a cost of approximately $8B out of a total rebuilding cost of $20B.
Insurance Law - Queensland, New South Wales and Victorian Flood Claims - Part 2
Date: January 21, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
In all such cases where there has been catastrophic water damage through the incident of storm and/or flood it is obvious that the full benefits of an insurance policy are more fully available where the cause of the damage is storm. That is, even where an insured does not have the benefit of flood cover and they can rely upon their policy of insurance for storm cover they are far better off irrespective of the type of building damaged without extending the policy.
Taxation Law - Money Laundering, Terrorism Financing and Tax Evasion
Date: January 13, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Money laundering is the process of attempting to legitimatise funds that are derived from any underlying activity that is illegal. Money laundering constitutes a separate criminal activity in itself in Australia and in an ever increasing number of jurisdictions throughout the world.
Taxation Law - The Raftland Decision - Trust Losses, Trust Stripping and Shams - Part 1
Date: January 12, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Raftland Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (2007) 65 ATR 336, a case involving the "trust stripping" provisions of s 100A of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Cth) (ITAA 1936) where the taxpayer's appeal was heard and decided by the High Court of Australia on 22 May 2008. The paper will examine the signifiance of the case insofar as Australian taxpayers are concerned involving trust loss trafficking prior to the introduction of the trust loss measures.
Taxation Law - The Raftland Decision - Trust Losses, Trust Stripping and Shams - Part 2
Date: January 12, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
In unanimously dismissing the taxpayer's appeal, the High Court found that on the evidence (both documentary and other evidence), the entitlement of the E&M Unit Trust was never intended to have any substantive legal effect. It also found that the trust income in question had in fact been applied for the benefit of the brothers and their interests.
Taxation Law - The Raftland Decision - Trust Losses, Trust Stripping and Shams - Part 3
Date: January 12, 2011
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
If transactions and or arrangements are struck down as "shams" it will have ruthless tax and criminal consequences to taxpayers in Australia. The decision of the High Court has opended up and has given the Australian Taxation Office a signifiacant drive to push and strike down a wide range of transactions as "shams".
Testamentary Trusts - Excepted Assessible Income or Excepted Trust Income
Date: January 12, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Another exception to the general rule introduced by Division 6AA is whether the income is "excepted assessable income" or "excepted trust income." In other words, not all income is affected by the new rules in division 6AA. Excepted accessible income or excepted trust income will be assessed at ordinary marginal tax rates.
Testamentary Trusts - Taxation of Testamentary Trusts
Date: January 12, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Trustees will need to pay particular attention to section 102AG(2)(a)(i) of ITTA 1936. This section controls income distributed to minors from testamentary trusts. Trustees should insure that the will incorporating the testamentary trust is properly drafted so that the testamentary trust has the characteristics of the discretionary trust structure.
Testamentary Trusts - What Happens When A Beneficiary Is A Minor
Date: January 12, 2011
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Testamentary trusts are an effective vehicle for splitting business income. Problems arise, however if there are beneficiaries who are minors (i.e. under 18 years old).
Business and Commercial Law - Partnerships - The traps and pitfalls
Date: January 07, 2011
Author(s): Scott Gray LPAB, Grad. Dip. Legal Practice
There are no strict legal requirements for the forming of a partnership other than when two or more persons carry on a business in common for profit, however given that this is a legal relationship it is advisable to create a written partnership agreement so that the terms of the relationship are clarified between the partners.
Taxation Law - Personal Services Income (PSI)
Date: January 07, 2011
Author(s): Scott Gray LPAB, Grad. Dip. Legal Practice
Personal services income (PSI) operates to deny deductions from a contractor that would otherwise not be allowable to an employee performing substantially similar work. This occurs by taxing individual contractors the same way as employees in circumstances where the income received by the contractor is for the person’s skills, expertise or personal service. These rules will also operate to affect interposed entities such as companies, trusts and partnerships.
Taxation Law - Double Taxation Agreements (DTA)
Date: January 06, 2011
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
A double taxation agreement (DTA) is a bilateral tax treaty designed to eliminate conflict where income or gains might be subject to tax in more than one country. In particular, where relief is required to be granted from the simultaneous application of domestic tax laws in two countries, where it results in double taxation of the taxpayer.
Taxation Law - The impact of TR 2010/3 on your business group - Re-characterisation of unpaid present earnings - Loans - Structuring
Date: January 06, 2011
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
On 2 June 2010, the Commissioner of Taxation's views on the status of unpaid present entitlements (UPE) that are held by a private company and subsist along with the funds of an associated trust in the hands of a trustee was confirmed.
Testamentary Trusts - Income Tax and Asset Protection Advantages
Date: January 06, 2011
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
A testamentary trust is a trust that is established under a will. Accordingly, a testamentary trust only comes into operation after the death of the will-maker and upon the testator of the will transferring the assets of the will-maker into the trust.
Insurance Law - New South Wales and Queensland Emergency Flood Claims
Date: January 06, 2011
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Recently Eastern Australia has been swept by massive storms which have caused extensive storm and/or flood damage to both domestic and business establishments. The problem when it comes to flood damge is that many insureds fail to understand what their rights are and that under many policies flood damage is either not covered or only nominally.
Family Law - The legal rights of de facto couples versus married couples
Date: December 20, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Since June 1999 the term De Facto has been used to describe the relationship between the two adults (over the age of 18 and including couples of the same sex) who...
Employment Law - Restraint of Trade - Cascading Clauses
Date: December 20, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Restraint of trade has garnered an ever increasing amount of attention over the past few years as employers attempt to restrain former employees in their conduct after they leave their employ.
Intellectual Property Law - Copyright and Moral Rights - Infringement and Consent
Date: December 20, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Read this article to find out what constitutes Copyright infringement of Moral Rights in Australia and how parties can grant consent for the use of their work.
Intellectual Property Law - Copyright and Moral Rights - Remedies
Date: December 20, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Family Law - What is Child Support?
Date: December 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
When families go through changes and parents separate as a result thereof, arrangements are made for the continued care, welfare and development of the children of the family. These arrangements normally are made for children until they reach an age of 18 years. This payment arrangement for the children is referred to as child support.
Family Law - The importance of documents and the process of discovery and disclosure
Date: December 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
It is a fundamental principal in family law that the process of discovery and disclosure of all material that is relevant to the case be made to ensure a fair outcome.
Intellectual Property Law - Trade Mark Rights
Date: December 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Where an unregistered trade mark has been continuously used in Australia prior to the filing date of a trade mark application for a competing mark, the earlier user will have established rights in the mark that may defeat the later registration or at least allow coexistence.
Employment Law - Unfair Dismissal and Discrimination Provisions
Date: December 07, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If you can answer yes to any of the following questions then this article on Unfair Dismissal and Discrimination is for you
Who can draft a will and the requirements for a valid will
Date: December 01, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Wills are important legal documents and we recommend you seek legal assistance in drafting your Will. This is even more pertinent should you have...
Unlawful Discrimination Claims and Limitation Periods
Date: December 01, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Having established your right to make an unlawful discrimination claim, the next step that one needs to consider is the limitation period for the lodgement of such a claim.
Taxation Law - International Taxation - Offshore Banks
Date: November 23, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
2010 has proved to be an interesting year for the taxation team at LAC Lawyers as we have experienced significant growth in our taxation practice.
Drink Driving - What Happens When You Go To Court
Date: November 10, 2010
Author(s): Jana Whitby B.A., LL.B. (Hons.)
Check out our step by step guide on the court porcess for drink driving.
Succession Act Claims - Can a step child make a claim on an estate?
Date: November 10, 2010
Author(s): Jana Whitby B.A., LL.B. (Hons.)
Are you a member of a modern family which like many others consists of step-children? If so, do you wonder what your responsibility is as a step-parent to make provision from your Estate to your step-children?
Commercial Law - Drafting Commercial Agreements
Date: November 01, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Lawyers are often called upon to draft documents on behalf of clients when they wish to enter a business agreement with another person or entity for the furtherance of a common goal. From the client perspective; drafting a commercial agreement should not be complicated or involve consideration of legal issues.
Preservation of Wealth – Trusts and Tax Planning
Date: October 15, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Trusts are a useful and effective tool to protect assets and minimise exposure to tax.
Criminal Law - Sentencing in the Local Court
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): Jana Whitby B.A., LL.B. (Hons.)
Often I am asked by my clients who have been charged with common offences such as assault or drink driving what the likely result will be if they enter a plea of “Guilty”. This is not a question which can be answered with much certainty given that even when to individuals are charged with exactly the same charge, the possible outcome when it comes to that individual’s sentencing can vary according to factors such as in which Local Court the matter is dealt with, which Magistrate determines the sentence, the sentencing options available to the Magistrate and the individual’s subjective circumstances.
Wills, Probate and Estate Disputes - An Overview of Estate Law
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Find out about estates, executors, wills, probate, inheritance, beneficiaries, and more...
Family Law - Binding Financial Agreements, are they necessary?
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Binding Financial Agreements can be made either before, during or after marriage. These agreements take account of property settlement, payment of spousal maintenance, division of superannuation funds, etc when a marriage comes to and end. Both parties are required as a prerequisite to obtain independent legal advice prior to entering into a binding financial agreement in writing.
Business and Commercial Law - Defences to Directors Penalty Notices
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
When faced with liquidity problems, it is common for companies not to make the relevant payments to the Commissioner of Taxation in regards to their tax obligations under Income Tax Assessment Act 1936.
Business and Commercial Law - Liability of Directors in Trustee Company's
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
You have been appointed as a Director of a Corporate Trustee pursuant to a Deed of Trust and you are now concerned about your function and role in the Corporate Trustee with respect to the liabilities of the Corporate Trustee and your liabilities to the Trust if there are insufficient assets to meet the Trust’s liabilities.
Business and Commercial Law - Restraint of Trade
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Key employees have always been the cornerstone of every successful business or enterprise and great difficulties are caused by the sudden loss or departure of key employees which in turn could harm the relationship between the business and its clients. Key employees have over the years enjoyed a close relationship with clients and losing them would have a detrimental effect on the management and reputation of the business.
Property Law - Dividing Fences
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If there is a dispute about the standard of fencing required, one neighbour must give the other a Fencing Notice. If agreement still cannot be reached, the neighbour can apply to a Local Court for an order for the proposed work to proceed.
Criminal Law - Centrelink Fraud, How Do You Get Caught?
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): Jana Whitby B.A., LL.B. (Hons.)
If you are in receipt of Centrelink benefits then you have a duty to provide Centrelink with all information regarding your earnings and financial circumstances. Should you fail to make any relevant disclosure with respect to your earnings and financial circumstances and it is later detected by Centrelink then you could find yourself being brought before the Court to answer criminal charges.
Family Law - International Parental Child Abduction
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): Jana Whitby B.A., LL.B. (Hons.)
Given the multicultural society in which we live, it has become more frequent that children are being removed by a parent from the country in which they reside and taken to another country in which their parent was born and may still have relatives and/or friends.
Employment Law - The Rights of an Employer and their Employee
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): Jana Whitby B.A., LL.B. (Hons.)
With the Law in this area constantly changing, many employers and employees are uncertain as to their rights with respect to such things as employment contracts, termination of employment and redundancy.
Employment Law - You Have Been Terminated, Does it Amount to Unfair Dismissal?
Date: October 08, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Organisations with It is becoming more rampant in the current times that an employee is found to have been terminated. Termination of employment can take several forms and unfair dismissal seems to be a common occurrence.
Family Law - Rights v Interests: the family law experience
Date: October 07, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
When you first see your family lawyer, there’s a jumble of information you need to provide and even more information for you to receive. You’re understandably emotional and perhaps confused about what lies ahead for you.
Family Law - The Consequences of Unplanned Pregnancy
Date: October 07, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
An unplanned pregnancy is a difficult experience, even if you’re happily in a long term relationship or are married. The choice about your next step is complicated by health, family values and dynamics, religion and practical considerations. If you’re not in a long term relationship, your decision may be even harder.
Family Law - What Is A De Facto Relationship
Date: October 06, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
In the case of Pike & Howlett [2010] FMCAfam 802, the Federal Magistrates Court of Australia was recently asked to decide what constitutes a de facto relationship under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (‘the Act’)?
Tax Evasion - Offshore Activities
Date: September 24, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
All member countries of the OECD’s forum on tax administration including Australia are working together to identify taxpayers’ bank accounts linked to Lichtenstein to counter the effects of tax evasion. LAC Lawyers' Taxation team offer expertise in all aspects of Taxation Law. Call LAC Lawyers today on 1300 799 888 .
Insolvent Trading
Date: September 22, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Insolvent trading occurs when a company incurs a debt when it is unable to pay its debts as and when they fall due. LAC Lawyers' Bankruptcy & Insolvency team offer expertise in all aspects of Bankruptcy & Insolvency Law. Get instant results - call LAC Lawyers today on 1300 799 888 .
Taxation Law - Tax Fraud
Date: September 14, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Butterworths Australian Legal Dictionary defines fraud as "an intentional dishonest act or omission done with the intention of deceiving". Obtaining a benefit by deception is to obtain an advantage or a profit or a gain by deceit. LAC Lawyer's Taxation team offer expertise in all aspects of Business & Commercial Law. Call LAC Lawyers today on 1300 799 888 .
Is it the beginning of the end for discretionary trusts and one-man companies - A change of view point
Date: September 01, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
There are suggestions that Australian courts are now changing their approach to the interpretation of statutes with the effect that discretionary trusts are not as useful in avoiding statutory obligations. In other words, in the words of the Bob Dylan song “… the times, they are a-changin”!
Is it the beginning of the end for discretionary trusts and one-man companies - Centrelink, Bankruptcy and Taxation
Date: September 01, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Another example is Elliott v. The Secretary of the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations decided in 2008 immediately before the High Court of Australia’s decision in Spry and was concerned with the means test for Centrelink pensions.
Is it the beginning of the end for discretionary trusts and one-man companies?
Date: September 01, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The traditional usefulness of discretionary trusts arises from the puzzling position they hold in the law. Property transferred to these entities is effectively ownerless until discretionary trustees determine to appoint the property to discretionary beneficiaries.
Can my self managed superannuation fund (SMSF) buy property?
Date: September 01, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
In the past, Australian law with respect to Superannuation did not permit a SMSF to borrow money, or to mortgage the fund’s existing property BUT...
Taxation Law - Tax Audits, Notices of Assessment and Tax Disputes
Date: August 30, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The Australian Taxation Office is empowered to conduct an investigation into the taxation affairs of any Australian taxpayer and in certain circumstances, at any time the Commissioner of Taxation sees fit.
Taxation Law - The Australian Taxation Office and Directors Penalty Notice
Date: August 24, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
It is often the case that when trying to capture a good business opportunity, directors get caught up personally. This can happen not only on an emotive level through their desire to see the business succeed, but also by way of the provision of a personal guarantee which is often necessary to ‘close the deal’ such as for example when seeking to obtain finance or re-finance for the business or commercial leases of premises.
Intellectual Property Law - Trade Mark - EJ Gallo Winery v Lion Nathan Australia Pty Limited (2010 HCA 15)
Date: August 23, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Infringement; revocation for non-use; deceptive similarity; goods of same description; use of trade mark in a different form to that registered; authorised use of trade mark in Australia without knowledge of foreign trade mark proprietor sufficient to defeat non-use revocation action.
Intellectual Property Law - Trade Mark Opposition
Date: August 23, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Trade mark opposition proceedings are an essential part of any trade mark protection strategy, to maintain the distinctiveness, integrity and value of your brand, as well as protecting the right to commence or continue trading under your trade mark, by preventing others from registering identical or deceptively similar marks.
Taxation Law - Investment Schemes and Tax Avoidance
Date: August 19, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
An investment scheme is often aimed at postponing the tax liability on the relevant underlying asset/s. Ultimately however, it most circumstances, some tax will be payable. Such schemes generally operate based on two fundamental premises, investing to reduce tax exposure or borrowing money to reduce tax exposure.
Taxation Law - Tax Havens and Information Sharing Agreements - Project Wickenby
Date: August 18, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
It is commonly known that there are many legal and legitimate transactions that Australian residents participate in which are located in offshore tax havens. Such transactions and arrangements are designed to take advantage of the tax benefits available in the relevant offshore jurisdictions.
Family law - Separation
Date: August 09, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Separation is very common in todays’ world. Separation is somewhat described as the end of an intention by parties to continue to live together. The intention to separate is communicated to the other and often one party moves out of the home or they start leading separate lived under the same household.
Taxation Law - Voluntary Disclosure (OVDI) - Named or Un-Named (1)
Date: August 06, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Over the last few months but more recently we have been preparing a lot of OVDI applications for submission to the ATO. What strikes us as odd is that quite a number of taxpayers have consulted professionals other than tax lawyers.
Taxation Law - Voluntary Disclosure (OVDI) - Named or Un-Named (2)
Date: August 06, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
When the overseas voluntary disclosure or initiative was originally announced and the forms which were available on the ATO website were produced they asked for more comprehensive material than those produced in April and following.
Taxation Law - The Background to Taxation Information Exchange.
Date: August 05, 2010
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
With the increased fiscal leakage caused by tax evasion the OECD and countries in the European Union have raised concerns as to how the issue should be addressed.
Taxation Law - The Brussels Agreement - The Direct Involvement of the CIA in Banking and Revenue Matters
Date: August 05, 2010
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
The Brussels agreement which was formalised in late 2009 is an important development to overcome the issue of banking secrecy in the European Union. It is an agreement between EU countries and the USA which provides the CIA with powers to access bank accounts held by individuals in the European Union.
Taxation Law - The Future - The Loss of Privacy and Confidentiality
Date: August 05, 2010
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Taxation Law - The Gathering Pace and Scope of Taxation Information Exchange
Date: August 05, 2010
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
The importance of effective tax information exchange and effective transparency between countries is vital to a country’s well being and integrity of its tax system with inter country transactions.
The Mechanisms of Tax Information Exchange Between Different Jurisdictions
Date: August 04, 2010
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
A Tax Information Exchange Agreement is a formal agreement between countries that formalizes the ability of relevant government agencies to exchange information between them concerning the tax affairs of individual taxpayers or other entities.
The Purpose of Tax Information Exchange Agreements and Factors that Determine the Issues of Confidentiality
Date: August 04, 2010
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Taxation Law - ATO and ASIC Crackdown On Phoenix Activity
Date: August 02, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
On 1 July 2010, amendments to tax and corporations laws gave the ATO new powers against fraudulent Phoenix activity.
Taxation Law - Phoenix Activity - Further Changes in the Pipeline
Date: August 02, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The Rudd/Gillard Federal Governments are also considering giving to the ATO and to ASIC a number of additional powers against directors involved in fraudulent Phoenix activity including the following powers
Insurance Contracts Act - Changes to Insurance Law and Practice for Insureds, Insurers and Brokers
Date: August 02, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Important amendments to the Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (Commonwealth) (“the ICA”) were expected to be passed by the Commonwealth Government in the Spring session of the 2010 Parliament. Their passage will now have to await the sitting of the new Parliament in late 2010.
Reversal Of Effect Of Sons Of Gwalia Decision - Ending Of Equal Ranking Of Shareholder Claims With Claims Of Unsecured Creditors In Corporate Insolvency
Date: July 30, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The Corporations Act will be amended so as to reverse the decision of the High Court of Australia in Sons of Gwalia v. Margaretic. The Sons of Gwalia decision determined that, in a corporate insolvency, certain shareholder claims against a company rank equally with the claims of other unsecured creditors.
Small Business Fair Dismissal Code - Termination Of Employment Rules For Small Business Under The Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth.)
Date: July 30, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
One of the significant changes made to unfair dismissal laws by the Rudd Government under the Fair Work Act 2009 was the introduction of the Small Business Fair Dismissal Code (“the Code”). The Code included a check list for employers to complete when terminating employment. Small employers hoped that by complying with the check list, it would be easier to dismiss staff.
Estate Planning - Self Managed Super Funds
Date: July 12, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Retirement is not at the forefront of most working people’s lives but it should be. As Australia’ population is aging superannuation, and saving for retirement is becoming increasingly important.
Family Law - Binding Financial Agreements Under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)
Date: June 15, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If you’ve recently entered a new relationship, have been in a new relationship for a time, or are considering ending your relationship, you should consult a lawyer to learn your rights and obligations under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (‘the Act’).
Family law - Spousal relationships - What's the law got to do with it?
Date: June 15, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Whether your new spousal relationship is a married, de facto or same sex relationship; at the beginning, consideration of the law is the last thing on your mind.
Wills, Probate & Estate Disputes - Have you been left out of a Will?
Date: June 04, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The death of a relative or an intimate is a difficult time for us all. We mourn their loss and grieve for the times that might have been. Then, the Will is read and no one contacts you to discuss your inheritance. You believed your loved one would have made provision for you in their Will and you are shocked to learn that this has not happened. What do you do?
Wills, Probate & Estate Disputes - Will Kits
Date: June 04, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Your Will Last Will and Testament (Will) is your final legally binding communication to the world including those you love. You should ensure that expression is tailored to meet the whole of your circumstances.
Property Law - Family Law - The concept of joint land ownership when family relationships break down.
Date: May 17, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Joint land owners hold land either as joint tenants or as tenants in common. Joint tenancy is far more common. Through this method of ownership, the interests of one spouse or partner are deemed by law to flow automatically to the surviving spouse or partner irrespective of whether the deceased spouse or partner has left a will or other testamentary document.
Taxation Law - Taxation of Overseas Based Employees Within Australia
Date: May 17, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
From 1st July 2009, the foreign employment income of most Australians working overseas is no longer exempt from Australian income tax.
Intellectual Property Law - Copyright Law - Internet Service Provider (ISP) not liable for downloading habits of its customers breaching australian copyright laws.
Date: May 17, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
In February 2010, Justice Dennis Cowdroy of the Federal Court of Australia ruled in favor of internet service provider iiNet against the Australian film and television industry.
Intellectual Property Law - Trademark Law - Protecting trademarks worldwide under the Madrid system
Date: May 17, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The Madrid System for the international registration of trademarks (‘the Madrid System’) was established in 1891.
Criminal Law - Centrelink Offences - An Overview
Date: May 10, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
There are various types of Centerlink offences the most common Centrelink Fraud, i.e. engaging in conduct to obtain a financial advantage from a Commonwealth entity knowing and believing that one is not eligible to receive that financial advantage. Most often people deliberately provide Centrelink with false, incomplete or misleading information and break the law.
Insolvency & Bankruptcy Law - What is Part IX and Part X under the Bankruptcy Act 1966
Date: May 10, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Part IX and Part X agreements under the Bankruptcy Act 1966 enable debtors to present creditors with proposals of settling debts. The payments are less than the amount of the debt itself and are paid in full and final settlement of the entire debt.
Insolvency & Bankruptcy Law - You are owed money, what should you do?
Date: May 10, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
A creditor is someone who is owed money by and individual more often referred to as a Debtor. As a creditor there are several options available to you to recover the debt that is owed to you. The amount of money or debt owed to you will determine the method by which you are able to recover the money from the Debtor.
Insurance Law - Product Liability
Date: May 10, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Generally product liability in law refers to the responsibility or the liability of manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who produce and supply goods/products to the public which result in damages or injury caused by the use of a defective product.
Taxation Law - Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) - A Question of Choice
Date: May 04, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary), Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
There is now a choice offered to taxpayers who make a voluntary disclosure prior to the 30th of June 2010. The Commissioner states in his Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative...
Taxation Law - Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI) - The Current Status of the ATO Concerning Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance
Date: May 04, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary), Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
From a government perspective, there is some concern that proceeds of crime have become associated with fraud, tax evasion and other criminal activity. For example, in 2005-06, the ATO’s Serious Non-Compliance Department achieved the following...
Taxation Law - Offshore Voluntary Disclosure Initiative (OVDI)
Date: April 27, 2010
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary), Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
In recent months and especially with Project Wickenby there has been increasing attention in the press to the issue of tax evasion especially in relation to overseas transactions which are located in tax havens. In this respect many taxpayers may be under the belief that if there is offshore income there is little need to disclose it to the tax authorities as there is little possibility that the Tax office will be able to determine the nature of it.
Employment Law - Unfair dismissals under the Fair Work Act
Date: April 15, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth) became fully operational from 1st January 2010. The Fair Work Act changed the rights of employees and responsibilities of employers relating to dismissals.
Employment Law - Unfair dismissals under the Fair Work Act - Common Law Contracts
Date: April 15, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Finally, common law contracts of employment will continue to regulate a large number of employment relationships under the Fair Work Act. This will continue to be the case notwithstanding the creation of ‘Modern Awards’ by the Australian Industrial Relations Tribunal since January 2010. These Modern Awards cover ten modern award conditions which are similar to the National Employment Standards that provide the basic safety net for employees.
Employment Law - Unfair dismissals under the Fair Work Act - General Protection Provisions
Date: April 15, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The Fair Work Act incorporates general protection provisions in Part 3 – 1. This Part incorporates the type of protection provided under unfair dismissal and freedom of association provisions which was incorporated into the Work Choices legislation. The unlawful termination provisions of Work Choices have been re-enacted in Part 6 – 4 of the Fair Work Act. However, the Fair Work Act provides that a person may not apply for help against an unlawful termination if they are also entitled to challenge the dismissal under the general protection provisions.
Employment Law - Unfair dismissals under the Fair Work Act - Remedies and Entitlements
Date: April 15, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Remedies under the Fair Work Act are largely the same as under Work Choices. Reinstatement is the primary remedy. However, Fair Work Australia’s power to reinstate has been increased to order reinstatement to ‘associated interties’ – in other words to other companies in a group.
Conveyancing & Property Law - A Look At Conveyancing Behind The Scenes
Date: April 06, 2010
Author(s): Laurel Bradshaw Adv. Dip. Conv.
Did you know the LPMA handles over 3,500 dealings per day? and for the uninitiated a dealing is a transaction that involves land.
Family Law - Considering Seperation? Here are your next steps
Date: March 31, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Whether you are married or have been living in a domestic relationship, if you are considering separation you should also consider your family law obligations and entitlements before you finalise the decision to separate. At such a difficult and crucial stage in your life, it will be important for your transition to a new life to be as calm and smooth as possible.
Taxation Law - Global Transparency: High Net Wealth Individuals, Tax Information Exchange Agreements and Multinationals: Country by Country Reporting - Part 1
Date: January 18, 2010
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Recent attention by the media and statements by the Australian Tax Office (“ATO”) concerning Project Wickenby has raised questions of the scope of tax avoidance by taxpayers who use offshore tax havens
Taxation Law - Global Transparency: High Net Wealth Individuals, Tax Information Exchange Agreements and Multinationals: Country by Country Reporting - Part 3
Date: January 18, 2010
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
According to a briefing paper from the Tax Justice Network and to the UK Tax Minister country by country reporting means that Multinational Companies (“MNC”) report in its accounts without exception
Estate Planning - Trusts Created By A Will Funded By The Will Maker - Part 3: Types of Testamentary Trusts
Date: January 15, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The main reason for creating a beneficiary controlled testamentary trust is for protection of the principal beneficiary, particularly in a situation of relationship breakdown of marriage or de facto partnership. With the beneficiary controlled testamentary trust, there is considerable protection of assets from the primary beneficiary’s hostile family members.
Estate Planning - Trusts Created By A Will Funded By The Will Maker - Part 1: The Will
Date: January 13, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
A will is a legal document in which the will maker sets out how and to whom his or her personally owned assets are to be distributed after death, the manner in which his or her estate is to be administered and the powers the executors are given.
Estate Planning - Trusts Created By A Will Funded By The Will Maker - Part 2: What is a Testamentary Trust?
Date: January 13, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Simply, a testamentary trust is a trust established by a will. Testamentary trusts can be mandatory or optional, fixed or non-fixed, flexible or protective, short or long-term, or charitable or non-charitable.
Family Law - The Competing Issues of Bankruptcy and Family Law
Date: January 13, 2010
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Family law property settlements or applications for spousal maintenance may be further complicated where one spouse is bankrupt or considering bankruptcy. In these circumstances, a conflict clearly arises between the competing interests of a trustee in bankruptcy and the separated non-bankrupt spouse in determining how property should be distributed between the parties.
Employment Law - Can Employers Be Stopped From Discriminating Against Employees Upon The Basis Of Lifestyle Or Philosophical Beliefs As Opposed To Religious Or Political Beliefs?
Date: January 13, 2010
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
An English Decision and its Implications for Australian Emloyment and Discrimination Law
Taxation Law - The Purpose of Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA's) and the Current Status of Proposals for Australia on TIEA's - Part 1
Date: December 11, 2009
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
In any attempt to reduce the impact of tax havens and discover any questionable cross border transactions, the role of TIEA’S is important. The exchange of information between jurisdictions serves three purposes for tax administrators
Taxation Law - The Purpose of Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA's) and the Current Status of Proposals for Australia on TIEA's - Part 2
Date: December 11, 2009
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
From a practical point of view, there is some concern that proceeds of crime have become associated with fraud, tax evasion and other criminal activity .As a result Commonwealth legislation has been introduced to address this issue whereby proceeds arising from criminal offences against Commonwealth laws may be forfeited.
Taxation Law - The Purpose of Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEA's) and the Current Status of Proposals for Australia on TIEA's - Part 3
Date: December 11, 2009
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
While there has been considerable attention given to the issue of tax evasion there are a number of important issues that taxpayers and their advisers should consider given the formalisation of TIEA’s by Australian authorities with overseas countries and in particular some recognised tax havens
Taxation Law - An International Perspective; Examples of Abusive Tax Scheme Investigations in the USA - Fiscal Year 2009 - Part 1
Date: November 23, 2009
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Taxation Law - An International Perspective; Examples of Abusive Tax Scheme Investigations in the USA - Fiscal Year 2009 - Part 2
Date: November 23, 2009
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Taxation Law - An International Perspective; Examples of Abusive Tax Scheme Investigations in the USA - Fiscal Year 2009 - Part 3
Date: November 23, 2009
Author(s): Tony Anamourlis B.A., LL.B., MTaxLaw, GradDipLegPrac, SJD Candidate (La Trobe); ATIA
Intellectual Property - Trade Practices - The Law of Passing Off
Date: August 28, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The principle behind the tort of “passing off” is that a person cannot represent their goods or services as those of another. The action for passing off protects business goodwill and reputation from wrongful appropriation.
Family Law - De Facto Spousal Maintenance
Date: August 17, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
A recent development in de facto family law has seen an expansion of the eligibility of parties in Australia to spousal maintenance. Pursuant to the Family Law Amendment (De Facto Financial Matters and other measures) Act 2008 (Cth), a person of a de facto relationship that separated on or from 1 March 2009 may be entitled to receive spousal maintenance.
Employment Law - Restraints Of Trade: Restraining Former Employees When The Work Agreement Has Ended
Date: August 14, 2009
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Employment restraints are contractual terms which seek to limit the activities of the employee once their period of service ends.
Criminal Law - GBH - Grevious Bodily Harm
Date: August 12, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
These offences are in effect a more serious assault. To have committed these offences what is required is an act of malice that causes the wound or the grievous bodily harm. Such an act would, however, in the ordinary course constitute an assault as well.
Criminal Law - More about Centrelink Fraud
Date: August 12, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Receiving money from Centrelink to which you are not entitled to is an offence. This offence could carry a monetary penalty, a jail term, community service and periodic detention. So, if Centrelink says that you have been overpaid and they advise you that they wish to interview you, you should seek our legal advice immediately. If an incorrect payment or fraud of some kind has been detected, the customer will be contacted about this and will be asked to explain why it happened. If this results in an overpayment, a debt will be raised for this amount and it must be repaid.
Family Law - Assets - disputes
Date: August 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Australasian family law cases concerning a party’s initial contributions, or separate property, brought into the relationship appear far from clear when settlement is litigated in court.
Business Law - Personal Guarantees & Indemnity
Date: August 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If you are a supplier of goods and operate your business on a credit system then it pays to protect your position in relation to your debtors. The following scenario depicts a common occurrence in the supplier/purchaser market leading to frustration and ultimately loss of moneys owning.
Debt Recovery - Personal Insolvency Agreements
Date: August 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If you find that you are overwhelmed with debt and cannot pay all those debts as and when they are due but at the same time you do not want to be declared a bankrupt, you may still have the option of entering into a Personal Insolvency Agreement (“PIA”).
Success in an Appeal to a University Body for an Accusation of Plagiarism
Date: August 04, 2009
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Criminal Law - Traffic Matters - Drink Driving - Shall I Fight the Charges?
Date: July 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
There goes the saying, “If you drink and drive you’re a bloody idiot”. However, it is easier said than done. Sometimes when we monitor our intake of alcoholic drinks and are sure that we are under the limit, we would then be surprised to find out that we are over the limit. Victoria, if your BAC reading is 0.07 or more, you will lose your drivers’ licence. So, do you take it on the chin or do you fight the charge?
Property Law - Business Leases - Tenants in Trouble
Date: July 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Tough economic times can bring grief to all of us, in varying degrees. It’s almost a cliché that we should be cautious in our business affairs. But by so doing we should be able to weather the storm. Caution is needed before entering into a lease. But what if the tenant finds itself in a situation which it had not seen coming?
Criminal Law - Sports Law
Date: July 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Tom, an A grade soccer player, had been charged with having sexual intercourse with a person between the ages of 10 and 14. At the time he was 18. A plea of "not guilty" had been entered and the player had a strong defence case. At law there is a “presumption of innocence” in such matters.
Setting up a discretionary trust
Date: July 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
A trust is a relationship where a person (The Trustee) is under an obligation to hold property or assets for a benefit of a group of persons called the Beneficiaries. The relationship and terms of the Trust are contained in the Trust Deed executed by the Trustee and the Settlor.
Employment Law - Part 1 - How will the new workplace relations laws introduced on 1 July 2009 affect you?
Date: July 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The introduction of new workplace relations laws through the Fair Work Act 2009 has changed employment law in Australia as we know it. The aim of the Australian Government in implementing this change is to effectively balance the various needs of employees, employers and unions with a view to ensuring Australia becoming a better country financially and guaranteeing minimum workplace standards and maintaining workplace rights.
Employment Law - Redundancy - Transmission of Business
Date: July 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Your employer writes to you informing you that the company has sold its business together with its assets to another entity and that you are to re-apply for the same position in the new company. What are your rights? Have you been terminated? Are you entitled to claim redundancy payments?
Employment Law - The Three 'R's' & Unfair Dismissal
Date: July 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
What we’re referring to here is not the traditional ‘three R’s’ associated with education, but rather, the ‘R’ words in the context of employment and industrial law: resignation, retrenchment, and redundancy. Perhaps the word ‘retirement’ could also be added. This has great relevance in the current economic climate.
Taxation Law - CGT and Trust Cloning Exception
Date: June 15, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers, Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
In 1990, Section 160M(1a) ITAA 97 was enacted to ensure that mere change of legal ownership in an asset does not constitute a change of ownership of the asset for the purpose of Part IIIA of the ITAA 97. Consequently neither the transfer of an asset nor the change of the Trustee of a trust would be deemed to be a disposal under Part IIIA ITAA and therefore not subject to the payment of CGT.
Taxation Law - CGT and Trust Cloning
Date: June 10, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers, Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
A Discretionary trust is one of the most sought after trust structures in view of the enormous benefit that follows from the establishment of such a trust. The Discretionary Trust structure creates a framework for family assets to be passed from one generation to another without losing control over key assets, allows for the protection of assets from creditors, creates an effective tax structure and in particular allows access to Capital Gains Tax (CGT) concessions.
Taxation Law - Liquidation of Entities - Tax Consequences
Date: June 10, 2009
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
For a number of years now both ASIC and the ATO have been clamping down on arrangements which lead to the liquidation of entities, particularly companies which continue to avoid their liabilities including the payment of tax.
Employment Law - General Employee Entitlement & Redundancy Scheme (GEERS)
Date: June 05, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If you have been made redundant or have lost your job because your employer has gone bust and you have not been paid your outstanding wages or entitlements, then you may be eligible for payment under GEERS.
Business & Commercial Law - Franchising Law - Franchising Code of Conduct
Date: May 29, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Franchising in Australia is governed by the Franchising Code of Conduct (“FCC”). This piece of legislation was design to protect potential franchisees from unscrupulous franchisors and requires the franchisor to disclose certain information to the franchisee so as to...
Criminal Law, Sports Law - Appeal against Football Federation of Australia determination on sanctions against players
Date: May 26, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Tom, an A grade representative soccer player, had been charged under Section 66C(1) of the Crimes Act 1900(NSW) being the offence of having sexual intercourse with a person between the ages of 10 and 14. At the time he was 18. This happened in January 2008 and the matter was only listed for committal hearing in October 2009. A plea of “not guilty” had been entered and the player had a strong defence case. As is commonly known there is a “presumption of innocence” in such matters.
Criminal Law - Apprehended Violence Orders - Offences
Date: May 21, 2009
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Given the rise in awareness of the cost and impact of violence in the community, with a focus on domestic violence, the NSW Parliament has responded with legislation designed specifically to address this area. The aim of the current legislation (Crimes(Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 No. 80 (the Act)) is...
Consumer Protection - Contract Review Act
Date: May 21, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Often times consumers enter into contracts where the terms are not negotiable and are expected to just sign the bottom of the page and be on their merry way. Some of these contracts include mobile phone contracts, car hire contracts, pay television contracts, finance agreements, and even those little car parking tickets issued by the machines when you go into a shopping centre or car parking station.
Intellectual Property Law - IP Law - Copyright - What are your rights?
Date: May 20, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Copyright is the exclusive right of an author of an original “work” to reproduce, publish, perform, communicate or make an adaptation of that work exclusively. The “work” referred to means a literary work, dramatic work, musical work, artistic work or a cinematograph film.
Deceased Estate Claims - Freedom to do what you want with your estate is limited
Date: May 19, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
No doubt you’ve heard people say from time to time they think they should be able to do what they like with their wills and how their estate, being their assets, is given once they die. They’ve worked hard all their lives, they’ve amassed a lot, or a little, and now, considering who should get their assets once they ‘go to a better place’, they frequently decide they’ll vent their disapproval of one or more of their children’s behaviour towards them by favouring one over another.
Family Law - Marriage Separation or the break down of a long term de facto relationship is always difficult. At LAC Lawyers we can guide you through the legal process
Date: May 19, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Separation is a major step for everyone. It's a time when you need help and information. Most people admit feeling the worst they have ever felt in their life. Should you and your partner decide to separate, it is vital that certain immediate decisions will need to be made in relation to the children and your finances. It is at this stage that you should seek legal advice about your situation, and here at LAC Lawyers, our experienced solicitors can guide you through this sometimes traumatic and cumbersome process, as painlessly as possible!
Family Law - Children - Recovery Orders
Date: May 19, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Once you separate, you and your former partner will need to make some immediate decisions about practical issues about your children. It is a good idea once you have made the decision to separate to get legal advice. Unfortunately children often become embroiled in a tug-o-war situation when their parents are living separately, but both parents need to remember that they need to put the child’s best interests before any other concerns.
Bankruptcy & Insolvency Law - What Can I Do If I Am Declared Bankrupt?
Date: April 29, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The global economic crisis has no doubt affected millions of people and businesses world-wide. Australia is not immune and coupled with record high unemployment and talks of recession, it is not surprising that many people cannot pay their debts and the instance of bankruptcy proceedings being commenced by creditors has increased as a result.
Business Law - Business Structures - Companies
Date: April 22, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
A company is a form of business organisation made up of members or shareholders and managed by directors.
IP Law - Intellectual Property - Trademarks
Date: April 22, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The term “Trade Mark” is defined in the Trade Marks Act as “...a sign used, or intended to be used, to distinguish goods or services dealt with or provided in the course of trade by a person from goods or services so dealt with or provided by any other person."
Taxation Law - Consequences of Directors Penalty Notices
Date: April 16, 2009
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Where there has been a failure to abide by Section 222AOE by the end of the 14 day period the ATO is at liberty to recover the amount of outstanding tax from each and every director on a joint and several basis.
Taxation Law - Directors' Liability for Tax
Date: April 08, 2009
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Over recent years the Tax Office is exercising less forbearance with respect to the recovery of outstanding tax irrespective of the category involved. Normally tax is not paid by a taxpayer where the entity involved is under financial pressure which affects its overall profitability.
Criminal Law - Have you been charged with assaulting police?
Date: April 03, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
It has been a long week at work, you decide to unwind and have a couple of beers at your local pub. Unfortunately you don’t know when to stop as you’re having a great time but are annoying some of the patrons at the same time. The management ask you to leave and you refuse.
Business Law - Business Structures - Partnerships
Date: April 02, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The term “Partnership” is defined in the Partnership Act 1892 (the “Act”) as the relationship that exists between persons carrying on business in common with a view of profit. From this...
Conveyancing & Property Law - Anecdotes from the Conveyancing Desk
Date: April 02, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
In the present difficult and challenging economic climate, the ‘Global Financial Crisis’, there are situations brought upon us by the prevailing circumstances and which would not normally exist when things are relatively stable
Taxation Law - Taxation Disputes - Resolution
Date: March 09, 2009
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Taxation disputes arise for either legitimate or illegitimate reasons.
Taxation Law - Taxation Disputes - Concealment
Date: March 08, 2009
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
may feel confronted and try to characterise or manufacture a situation which will support circumstances which will disguise their tax non-compliance were this not done. They conspire to contrive a situation where their affairs including their financial accounts will pass muster on cursory examination.
Family & De Facto Law - Changes in De Facto Law and its effects on Property
Date: March 07, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
In legal terms, a de facto relationship is essentially a relationship between two individuals who are not married and who live together as a couple on a ‘genuine domestic basis’.
A Will: how should I make one?
Date: March 07, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If you want to leave your estate, being your assets which you’ve struggled for years to acquire, to those closest to you, then it’s advisable to make a will. Otherwise your estate will be administered in accordance with the statutory order set out in the Probate and Administration Act.
Insolvency & Bankruptcy - Unfair Preference Payments
Date: March 07, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
You run a successful business supplying quality products to a hungry market. Generally your clients are very good with payment however due to the economic downturn some clients have not been able to pay their invoices on time and you have noted that recently that your company has sent out a few reminder letters prompting payment. The majority of those prompted eventually made payment.
Sports and the Law - Restraining the Paparazzi
Date: February 12, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Wayne is an internationally known Australian fast spin bowler. As a celebrity he is a typical target for freelance photographers out to make profit from capturing his image in whatever attitude at any time and any place. Sadly his family is often caught in the thick of it. Although it must be nice to be famous, it must be equally exhausting to have photographers lurking around every street corner, up every tree and...yes...hiding inside garbage bins as well.
Conveyancing & Property Law - Even converted caravans qualify for the governments first home owners grant
Date: February 10, 2009
Author(s): Laurel Bradshaw Adv. Dip. Conv.
I included in last week’s property article about a young couple buying a home in country New South Wales a couple of years ago for under $50,000 and receiving the FHOG (first home owners grant). At the time I could not help but ruminate on whether a similar scenario could be replicated in the here and now.
Family Law - The importance of a instructing a lawyer when applying for divorce
Date: February 04, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Many people believe that they can undertake a Divorce on their own without legal assistance. However cost effective this may seem most Divorce cases are complicated involving children, property and other financial matters. At LAC Lawyers we will provide you with a quality and efficient service designed to ensure your Divorce and other related matters become final in the eyes of the Court.
Criminal Law - Bail - The importance of a well prepared bail application
Date: February 02, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Given that the Act provides for authorisation to be at liberty, the question obviously arises as to what types of matters could put an accused’s liberty at risk and what forms of review, if any are possible, if bail is refused.
Criminal Law - A strong prosecution case is not always what it seems
Date: January 30, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Doctor Bob was presented with such an apparently insurmountable case. This sixty five year old general practitioner of some forty years experience was languishing in the Court cells as his solicitor poured over photographs of the doctor’s estranged wife. He was charged with assaulting her causing her actual bodily harm. The solicitor in reviewing the photos pondered why the charge had not been the more serious one of occasioning grievous bodily harm. The poor woman was covered from head to foot in multiple bruises of a dark blue/purplish nature.
Sports and the Law - Famous sports people are often the target of blackmailers
Date: January 28, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Sports people can be easy prey for blackmailers and extortionists. Whilst at the height of their careers, sports men and women can be big fee earners and commanding enormous popularity. Sadly they are only human with human failings and weaknesses. They can easily be exploited by unscrupulous individuals intent on “cashing in” on their fame and fortune.
Conveyancing & Property Law - What to make of interest rates, the first home owners grant, renting and housing affordability?
Date: January 28, 2009
Author(s): Laurel Bradshaw Adv. Dip. Conv.
What to make of the free flow of info coming to us by way of our favourite medium revolving around interest rates, the first home-purchasers government grant, rents in Sydney and housing affordability?
Criminal Law - Centrelink Offences
Date: January 23, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers, Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Social security fraud is a general malaise affecting the ability of the Commonwealth Government to provide benefits to the needy. Centrelink fraud is committed when a person knowingly gives false and misleading information to obtain access to a benefit and to obtain a payment that they should not be getting; or misrepresents their circumstances; or fails to inform Centrelink that they have no further entitlement to benefits.
Criminal Law - Crown Appeal Against Sentence
Date: January 22, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
When an accused person (“A”) has been convicted or has pleaded guilty to an offence A will be sentenced by the Court. If the Crown is of the view that the sentence A received was manifestly inadequate, then the Crown can appeal against the original sentence.
Family Law - Pre-Nuptial or Co-habitation Agreements
Date: January 22, 2009
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
We are increasingly being asked to prepare financial agreements for couples who are about to “take the plunge” or “walk down the aisle”. However, financial agreements are also available for couples who are living together whether or not they are married, and for couples who have separated.
Taxation Law - Wickenby Legal Professional Privilege
Date: January 22, 2009
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Ever since 2004 we have consistently heard of Project and Operation Wickenby. The first is headed up by the ATO and the second by the Australian Crime Commission (ACC). The first is looking at the civil consequences of tax avoidance or tax evasion or tax fraud or money laundering and the second from a criminal law perspective. Project Wickenby comprises a multi-agency taskforce focused on the activities of Strachans SA of Geneva, a company providing specialist company and trust administration services together with international tax and financial consultancy.
Taxation Law - Taxation Disputes - Default Assessments
Date: January 20, 2009
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Taxation disputes can arise for many reasons. Often they occur where no return has been furnished or the Commissioner is not satisfied with the return furnished or has reason to believe the person who has not furnished the return has derived taxable income. In these circumstances he is entitled to make an assessment under section 167 of the amount on which, in his judgement income tax has to be paid for the purposes of section 166 of the Act.
Criminal Law - Affray
Date: December 08, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The legislation introducing the offence of Affray into the Crimes Act in 1988, was prompted, among other things, by the difficulties for the prosecuting of the persons involved in the lengthy trials arising out of the clash between outlaw motor cycle clubs at the Viking Tavern, Milperra in September 1984 (“the Milperra Massacre’) and the clash between spectators and Police at Mount Panorama, Bathurst in April 1985 (‘the Bathurst riots’), which had attempted a prosecutions under the then common law offence of affray.
De Facto relationships and property settlements
Date: December 07, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Currently in New South Wales, the Property (Relationships) Act 1984 (NSW) governs the way in which proceedings can be brought by a party to a de facto relationship who is seeking a property adjustment to jointly owned property.
Taxation Law - Taxation Disputes
Date: December 03, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Over recent years there has been an alarming increase in taxation disputes involving all types of tax non-compliance. Where tax non-compliance is involved it can be managed as follows:
Criminal Law - Does a threat equal an assault?
Date: December 01, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Criminal Law - Self Defence
Date: December 01, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Self defence is an issue that needs to be disproved by the Crown beyond reasonable doubt. Normally a defence will apply once the Crown has proved its case to excuse the actions of the accused. However, if the Crown cannot disprove self defence then the accused is entitled to an acquittal.
Bankruptcy - What happens to our house if my spouse is made bankrupt?
Date: December 01, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Consider your options by reading this article or for more information call us today.
Taxation Law - Some Traps and Pitfalls with Taxation Interviews
Date: October 23, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Criminal Law - Drink Driving Summary
Date: October 21, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Everything you need to know about drink driving...
Criminal Law - Traffic Offenders Program
Date: October 21, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Some common questions about the Traffic Offenders Program
Criminal Law - Need info on Bail, read this!
Date: September 25, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Some handy information on Bail.
Criminal Law - The Pro's And Con's Of taking Part In A Police Interview
Date: September 25, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The decision as to whether to participate in a record of interview with police is often a difficult one to make. There are various advantages and disadvantages in doing so, therefore, it is important that competent legal advice is obtained. LAC Lawyers are able to assist and advise you whether you should participate in such an interview.
Property Law - Termination of Tenancy Agreements and Your Rights As A Tenant
Date: September 25, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If your landlord wishes to end a tenancy agreement with you, your landlord is bound by the Residential Tenancies Act 1987 and the Residential Tenancies Regulation 2006.
Drink driving - Although rare, it is possible to have your DUI dismissed.
Date: September 25, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
LAC Lawyers was recently involved in a matter where we succeeded in having charges against our client dropped. Our client was charged with low-range PCA because the police thought he was "failing to submit" to breath analysis where in reality the machine was faulty.
Debt Recovery - The Common Stages
Date: September 24, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
At LAC Lawyers we are able to assist you with all debt recovery matters and advice you on the best method of enforcement to avoid unnecessary costs having regard to the circumstances of each matter.
Criminal Law - Assault Occassioning Actual Bodily Harm
Date: September 24, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Criminal Law - Posses Prohibited Drug
Date: September 24, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Family Law - Spousal Maintenance
Date: September 18, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Drink Driving - Your Rights, Police Powers, Court Penalties
Date: September 01, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Read on to find a list of commonly asked questions as well as an overview of likely penalties according to your Prescribed Concentration of Alcohol (PCA).
Taxation Law - Money Laundering
Date: August 14, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Money laundering was intended to catch large scale drug dealers, operators of crime syndicates and persons associated with these enterprises. Conveniently for the authorities it also has relevance to the area of tax crime including identity theft. Fraud or tax evasion has never had the reach the authorities want. Under the Crimes Act 1914 fraud was punishable for up to 20 years but under the Commonwealth Criminal Code 1995 it was dropped to 10 years as in the case of deception offences.
Taxation Law - Hoges v The Taxman - Taxation Considerations
Date: August 05, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Taxation Law - How to Approach The ATO When Making A Voluntary Disclosure Or Responding To An Audit
Date: August 04, 2008
Author(s): Alexandra Egan B.Ec, LL.B.
Whether you are responding to an audit or making a Voluntary Disclosure to the Australian Taxation Office about your Taxation Affairs it is of extreme importance to bear in mind that the only approach to be taken is one that involves contrition and reparation, that is a capacity to pay back any outstanding primary tax, penalties and interest.
The Importance of Trade Mark Registration in Protecting Your Business
Date: June 05, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
All businesses, irrespective of their size, should have a plan in place for protecting their intellectual property. Trademarks are an invaluable business asset and unfortunately many small businesses overlook the significance of trademarks and the importance of registration.
Making A Good Will
Date: June 01, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Some say there are two certainties in life: death and taxes. But if you do not want your ears ringing after you have left this earth, then it is certain that you need to make a Will and to make sure that your Will is clear, precise and properly executed.
Commercial Litigation: When is your lawyer not really your lawyer?
Date: May 19, 2008
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Over the last decade, there has been enormous growth in the appointment of in-house lawyers employed by corporations to provide a range of legal services from corporate covenants to debt collection to litigation support and advice. These lawyers are generally called in-house or general counsel.
Criminal Law - Pleading guilty? Make yourself the favourite!
Date: May 14, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
In a large number of criminal cases a person will plead guilty. It is then up to his legal representative to submit what is called a plea in mitigation. In other words the advocate will make submissions to the Court for the purpose of obtaining the most lenient sentence possible.
Tax Law - Vanuatu and the use of overseas tax havens
Date: May 08, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
For many years now a number of Australian taxpayers have been using overseas tax havens to shield their wealth from the Australian Taxation Office. Although there is nothing new in this it has come to greater prominence with the advent of Project Wickenby.
Estate Planning - More than just a matter of making a will - Part 1
Date: May 06, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Many people believe that by making a will, they’ve sufficiently planned for their death. This is a good start. A lot of people don’t do even that. Some estimates suggest that as many as half the people in Australia that die each year do not leave a formal will.
Estate Planning - More than just a matter of making a will - Part 2
Date: May 06, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
As stated previously in Estate Planning - More than just a matter of making a will Part 1, preparing a will is an important part of estate planning. A thorough and well drafted will determines to a large extent how your affairs are to be dealt with when you’re gone.
Voluntary Administration
Date: May 04, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If a company is having cash flow problems, unable to pay its debts as and when they fall due such as GST, superannuation or creditors then a Director must consider voluntary administration. This enables the company to avoid continuing to incur debts while it is insolvent.
Intellectual Property - Trade Marks and Parallel Imports
Date: May 04, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
In certain circumstances where the distributor of a product in Australia is the same as the owner of trade mark overseas a person may purchase the products overseas and distribute the products in Australia. However, the same may not apply where the products are distributed by another third party in Australia.
Taxation Law - Overseas Dealings
Date: March 13, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Often clients want to use their accountant to lend legitimacy to their taxation affairs and to deny any knowledge of overseas dealings, interests or assets as they say their adviser filled out their return and answered questions about overseas interests, assets and holdings as "No". From that point on they have lost credibility.
Taxation Law - Promoters
Date: March 13, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Although promoters are the Tax Office's principal targets they are after any taxpayer who has used offshore bank accounts, credit and debit cards, offshore financial products and/or structures to conceal income or assets from them.
Taxation Law - Tax Havens
Date: March 13, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Tax havens enable tax evaders to conceal their assets and income offshore from scrutiny. They are readily identifiable from their lack of transparency and effective information exchange. Secrecy means that tax administrations operate on the basis that the taxpayer proves the bona fides of any arrangement/ scheme.
Family Law - Are you Eligible to Obtain a Divorce and What is Involved in Obtaing One
Date: February 24, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Family Law - Where to Apply for a Divorce and the Costs Associated With Divoirce Proceedings
Date: February 24, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Marriage breakdowns is a very sad, yet regular incident in our Australian Society. Some surveys have indicated that over 40% of families in Australia undergo divorce each year. During such a stressful time of marriage breakdowns, many parties do not have any background knowledge about the procedures for obtaining a Divorce and what is involved, and when their marriage does irretrievably breakdown, they often feel lost and alone and do not know where to seek help from.
Taxation Law - Offshore Funds and Structures
Date: February 20, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Often bogus/fabricated documents are relied upon by taxpayers to defend overseas interests/structures and locally claimed deductions. Why would anyone in their right mind enter into a multi million dollar contract for overseas IT consultancy, for example, in the Cook Islands, a tax haven, given that they are not known as a supplier of IT consultancy services like India.
Taxation Law - Have You Received A Letter From The Australian Tax Office
Date: February 18, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The Australian Taxation office (Tax Office) is increasing its focus on Australian residents who may have undisclosed offshore income or over claimed deductions involving international transactions.
Taxation Law - Offshore Non-Complying Arrangements
Date: February 12, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Taxation Law - Tax Havens and Non-Compliance
Date: February 11, 2008
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Over recent years the Tax office has tightened up considerably on overseas arrangements and schemes which have been used to either secrete assets or hide income. Normally the success of these arrangements relies upon concealment using any of a number of structures to prevent detection including the use of tax havens.
Franchising - ACCC Increases Focus on Franchisor Obligations
Date: February 08, 2008
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
New franchising regulations will commence on 1 March 2008. Franchisors will need to comply with the current franchising code up until 1 March 2008 and then comply with the amended code afterwards.
Criminal Law - Dealing with the Police - Some Tips (Vic.)
Date: February 01, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Police officers are like every other section of our community. Likewise is not always possible to distinguish the good from the bad. Therefore it is an advantage to know what to do when you have to encounter one or more police officers.
Partnership Agreements - Simple and Flexible Business Vehicles (Vic.)
Date: January 28, 2008
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
The only real test is whether the parties were carrying on a business in common with a view of profit as defined in the Partnership Act. For taxation purposes it simply amounts to the joint receipt of income.
Franchise Agreements: Franchisee and Franchisor Responsibilities
Date: January 21, 2008
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Franchisees and franchisors should always seek legal advice before entering into franchise agreements. The question arises, however, as to whether a lawyer should act for both or only one party.
Criminal Law - Child Pornography
Date: January 15, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
It is a serious offence to possess or disseminate child pornography. Possession of child pornography is punished by up to 5 years imprisonment and dissemination by up to 10 years.
Criminal Law - Unauthorised possession of Prescription Drugs
Date: January 15, 2008
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Most so called 'party drugs' are prohibited drugs. Cocaine, speed, methleamphetamine, MDMA and cannabis are all prohibited drugs. They are available because people will pay good money to use them recreationally.
Drink Driving - Legal Representation Is Your Best Bet
Date: December 13, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Drink Driving is a crime that people, including professionals, are increasingly being charged with nowadays. On many occasions it is a first offence where one misjudges how much they had consumed, assumes they are within their legal limit to drive, and are then, to their misfortune, stopped by Police and charged.
Insurance Law and Business Interruption Insurance
Date: December 05, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
People in business insure their premises, contents and stock against the material damage risks of fire, explosion and other perils, but have they given the same thought to the other problems which would arise following any of these events, the problems which manifest themselves when the fire engines have driven away.
Disputing A Will & Family Provision Act Claims
Date: November 28, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Two of the more common complaints made in connection with an estate include that the deceased lacked understanding or mental capacity when he or she made the will or that a family member or dependant was "left out of the will".
Franchising - Code of Conduct Changes from 1st March 2008
Date: November 21, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The Franchising Code of Conduct ("the Code") applies to a franchise agreement entered into, renewed or extended on or after 1st October 1998.
Property Law - Compulsory acquisition of land in Victoria by Government Departments, Victorian Statutory Authroities such as VICroads and by Municipal Councils
Date: November 20, 2007
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
From time to time, Victorian State Government Departments, Victorian State Instrumentalities such as VicRoads, and Municipal Departments wish to obtain privately owned land for public purposes such as proposed road widening.
Insolvency & Bankruptcy Law - Asset Protection - Can a house be seized from a spouse in bankruptcy proceedings
Date: November 20, 2007
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Notwithstanding the spectacular growth of the share market and of superannuation funds, the matrimonial house remains the single greatest asset for most people.
Taxation Law - Arrangements to Avoid Australian Tax - Could This Be You?
Date: November 18, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Whenever a taxpayer is involved in aggressive tax planning they need to ensure that they stay on the right side of the law. Essentially there is a great difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion. The first is lawful and the latter is unlawful with the consequence that can lead to criminal prosecution and a custodial sentence.
Taxation Law - Failing to Furnish Income Tax Returns - Part 2
Date: November 01, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Whilst it is conceded and supported that Income Tax Offences are serious matters and are far from trivial, there may be objective facts and mitigating circumstances which would warrant the non-recording of a conviction as provided for in section 19B.
Taxation Law - Failing to Furnish Income Tax Returns - Part 1
Date: November 01, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The failure to submit Income Tax Returns as and when required by the commissioner of taxation is an offence under section 8C(1)(a) of the Taxation Administration Act 1953.
Insolvent Trading and Director's Liability
Date: October 12, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Directors may be liable, personally, under the Corporations Act, Trade Practices Act, and the OH & S Act, among other legislation. A Director may also be personally liable for non payment of taxes.
Intellectual Property - Trademarks and Passing Off
Date: October 10, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Under the common law, a person who builds up a reputation in connection with the use of a particular mark will have rights to prevent another person "passing off" goods or services as being those of the owner of the mark if such conduct is likely to injure the proprietor's reputation. The proprietor of a common law trade mark may also be able to prevent registration of a similar trade mark by another party.
Business & Commercial Law - How To Improve Your Cash Flow and Statutory Demand
Date: October 05, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Credit is an integral part of commerce, sometimes for the better and at other times for the worse. To improve your cash flow and to ensure that credit is being given to debtors who are credit worthy, a comprehensive credit application should be completed at the inception. From the information in the credit application referred to below you are likely to be in a better position to recover any debts.
Conveyancing and Property Law - Why Each Conveyance Is Not The Same
Date: September 27, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The area of law known as conveyancing is as old and interesting as our legal system itself. In fact so much of our law has its origins in and connections with land and a person's rights associated with land ownership.
Taxation Law - Taxation Settlements
Date: September 11, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Taxation law and practice is a highly complex area of the law. For any number of reasons individual or corporate taxpayers may find themselves in dispute with the ATO. In order to provide some certainty as to how a taxation dispute may be dealt with the ATO follows a Code of Settlement Practice.
Employment Law - Unlawful Termination of Employment, Where Do You Stand?
Date: September 11, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The Workplace Relations Act 1996[1] (‘WRA’), states that an employee’s employment is not to be terminated on certain grounds and section 659(2) of the WRA provides the appropriate coverage.
Unfair Dismissal - Your In the Wrong Class?
Date: September 11, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The unfair dismissal provisions of the Workplace Relations Act 1996[1] (‘WRA’) are buried in the detail of the Act and for an employee to determine whether they have a valid unfair dismissal claim they need to establish if any exclusionary provisions apply to their particular employment circumstances.
Taxation Law - Some Criminal Consequences of Tax Evasion
Date: September 09, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Although the majority of taxpayers abide by their obligations there are a number who don't. A range of penalties and sanctions which can be brought to bear including civil, administrative and criminal. Many people think if you don't pay your tax and ignore the problem it will go away, which couldn't be further from the truth.
Taxation Law - Major ATO Targets For 2007/2008 Tax Year
Date: September 04, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The Commissioner of Taxation has recently released his 2007/08 Compliance Programme. As with every compliance programme the emphasis shifts and this year the ATO's goals are about "being fair and professional; applying the rule of law; supporting taxpayers who want to do the right thing; and being consulted, collaborative and willing to co-design."
Taxation Law - Voluntary Disclosure
Date: August 15, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Currently the Glen Wheatley case is colouring everyone's perception of the Australian tax landscape. Obviously the decision is not understood by the press which has influenced many taxpayers' perceptions on the desirability of making a voluntary disclosure.
Taxation Law - The Glen Wheatley Case - The Value Of Coming Forward - Was It An Unprompted Voluntary Disclosure?
Date: July 31, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
For some time now the papers have been full of the Glen Wheatley case, and the following types of comments have been made by a number of commentators.
IP Law in Singapore - Trademarks
Date: July 10, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Singapore has a dual system of trade mark law. Protection for trade marks may be available both under the Trade Marks Act (Cap 332) ('TMA') and at common law under the common law action of "Passing Off"
Singapore - Foreign Ownership and Purchasing Property
Date: July 05, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Foreigners can own both freehold and leasehold property in Singapore. There is no restriction on foreign ownership of residential property according to tenure.
An Explanation of Some Areas of Risk for Director's
Date: June 24, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If you (personally) breach the Act, both you and the organisation may be prosecuted. If convicted, both you and the organisation may have to pay significant penalties.
Business & Commercial Law - Director's Duties To The Company
Date: June 21, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Insurance Law - Storm Claims and the Newcastle/Hunter Region
Date: June 21, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Although underinsurance or the lack of insurance is a major problem for the community in both good and bad times its importance is critical in times of natural disasters including storms and cyclones. Every time there is a major storm either general or localised flooding is a problem.
Taxation Law - Negotiation
Date: May 22, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Negotiation is an art not a science. Often clients forget this and do not really understand the process. Butterworths Australian Legal Dictionary defines negotiation as "generally, mutual discussion and arrangements of the terms of a transaction or agreement."
Taxation Law - Goods and Services Tax
Date: May 01, 2007
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
As everyone understands there are a number of Commonwealth Government taxes. The major ones are CGT, FBT, ICT, GST, LCT and PAYG (earn/withholding). At this stage this paper will only deal with GST legislation. The main piece of GST legislation is a new tax system (Goods and Services Tax Act 1999) which came into operation on 1 July 2000 and is payable only on supplies and importations made on or after that date.
Employment Contracts and Restraint of Trade Clauses
Date: April 22, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
This paper explores restraint of trade and confidentiality agreements between employers and employees. It is common for employers to have a global restraint clause to restrain departing employees from working for a competitor and that may not be sufficient.
Trade Practices Law - Key Provisions that all businesses should be aware of!!!
Date: April 22, 2007
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Key provisions of the Trade Practices Act that a business should be aware of in order to avoid a breach of the Act.
Criminal Law - Drink Driving Offences (Vic.)
Date: December 18, 2006
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Employment Law - The Enforceability of Post Employment Restraints of Trade (Vic.)
Date: December 18, 2006
Author(s): Michael Pickering B.A., LL.B. (Hons.), LL.M., M. A.
Employing highly intelligent and highly qualified employees in a range of sophisticated commercial businesses is a risky business for employers.
Essential Will Information
Date: November 08, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Many people today make their own wills and this approach is fraught with danger. A will is a written declaration that sets out how a person wants their assets to be distributed to their beneficiaries following death.
Criminal Law - How Serious Are AVOs (New South Wales)
Date: October 12, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
There is a strong desire on the part of the legislature to reduce the incidence of, and provide protection to, the victims of domestic violence. Apprehended violence orders and bail are the main vehicles chosen to provide this protection. These provisions are fundamentally in aid of the prosecution.
Taxation Law - Tax Evasion - How Do The Criminal Courts Treat Tax Evaders
Date: October 11, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The most serious case in this area was handed down by the New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal in R. v Ida Ronen, Nitzen Roden and Izhar Ronen on the 19th April 2006. The message which the courts delivered in this case is that they will treat all cases of serial tax evasion as extremely serious leading to long periods of imprisonment irrespective of the taxpayer’s individual circumstances even where taxpayers have paid their penalty tax in full.
Insurance Law - The different types of Insurance Claims and why they are sometimes denied
Date: October 09, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Claims are often denied by insurers for a variety of reasons. They may have been denied for anything from non-disclosure of material fact through to fraud or over-capitalisation of loss. Interestingly, there has been a fundamental change over the last ten years in the approach taken by insurers with the denial of claims.
The Importance Of A Will
Date: September 26, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
If you do not make a will and die “intestate” then your estate will be divided according to the law, regardless of your wishes.
Family Law - The Divorce Process
Date: September 14, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Applications for divorce are processed by Registrars of the Federal Magistrates Court, who sit in the federal court buildings at Sydney and Parramatta . The court process is quick and easy for most people, and if there are no children under the age of 18 attendance at court is unnecessary for either party.
Taxation Law - Extensions of the Time for Lodging Applications for Review of the Taxation decisions at the Administrative Appeals Tribunal
Date: September 14, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Section 29 (2) of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 (Cth.) states that the general rule is that an application for review of a decision made by the Deputy Commissioner of Taxation must be made to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal ("AAT") within 60 days after the day upon which the person is notified of the reviewable decision.
Taxation Law - The old adage “you get what you pay for” is as true today as it has ever been.
Date: September 11, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Currently the taxation landscape in Australia is in a state of great flux. Although legislation is constantly being updated a comprehensive review of this whole area has not been carried out. The whole area is unnecessarily complex and both the Australian Taxation Office and the courts have been left to do the best they can to provide meaningful interpretations of the law in this area.
The Benefits of Hiring A Lawyer
Date: August 16, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The old adage “you get what you pay for” is as true today as it has ever been.
Family Law - Who gets the kids?
Date: August 14, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The vast majority of separating couples who have children under 18 are generally able to work out their own arrangements in relation to the amount of time their children will spend with each parent.
Australian General Insurance Claims Practice
Date: August 02, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Why stay with your lawyer
Date: August 01, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The lawyer/client relationship is a personal one and there are many reasons which will dictate who you can and cannot work with. If you don’t like your lawyer, should you change? Ultimately, the relationship between a lawyer and client must be built on mutual trust.
Criminal Law - Slavery and/or Sexual Servitude
Date: August 01, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Slavery in Australia has been a criminal offence since 1824 due to the application of the Slave Trade Act 1824. In 1999, the Criminal Code Amendment (Slavery and Sexual Servitude) Act 1999 was enacted.
Taxation Law - Appeals to the Federal Court
Date: May 25, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Appeals to the Federal Court require a written application which sets out brief details of the objection decision and must be filed with the relevant Federal Court Registry.
Taxation Law - Taking Action (AAT & STCT)
Date: May 25, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Taxation Law - Changes to Private Rulings
Date: May 23, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Taxation Law - Private Rulings
Date: May 22, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
This article sets out the procedures to be followed by taxpayers who wish to challenge Private Rulings for taxation assessments made by the Commissioner of Taxation.
Does The Duty of Utmost Good Faith Apply to Claims
Date: May 04, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Originally the duty of utmost good faith was a common law concept which applied directly to contracts of insurance.
Claim Brokers
Date: May 02, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Many corporate, commercial and business insureds shrug off the idea that they won’t get a fair deal from their insurer because of their buying power and they have an Insurance & Risk Manager, a Company Secretary/Finance Director and/or an Insurance Broker who are there to ensure this can’t and won’t happen. Think again.
Why Insurance Claims Are Not Paid
Date: May 02, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
Employment Law – Unfair Dismissal and the Workplace Relations System
Date: March 26, 2006
Author(s): Frank Egan B.A., LL.B., A.C.L.A., F.T.I.A. (Notary)
The Federal Government has announced widespread changes to the Australian workplace relations system, by relying upon one of the heads of power under the Australian Constitution, namely the Corporations Power.
Criminal Law - Drugs: Police Sniffer Dogs: Part 1
Date: March 21, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The dogs have been let loose recently. Numerous people have been charged generally involving small amounts of cannabis and MDMA (ecstasy) as a result of over active Labradors at pubs, parties and big days out. A client who recently contacted me was apprehended walking to a dance party in the Botanical Gardens. She had in her possession, 1 joint and 1 pill.
Criminal Law - Drugs: Police Sniffer Dogs: Part 2
Date: March 21, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
On 22 February 2002, the NSW Parliament enacted the Police Power (Drug Detection Dogs) Act (The Drug Dog Act). The Drug Dog Act continues to allow police to use drug dogs to search an individual once they have formed a reasonable suspicion that an offence has been committed.
Criminal Law - Drugs: The Pitfall of Pills: Part 1
Date: March 21, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Called; ecstasy, e, ecce, disco biscuits or 3, 4 methyledioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA), MDMA is an increasingly popular party drug. Putting aside any health issues with drug use, one frequently overlooked consideration is that it is illegal in New South Wales.
Criminal Law - Drugs: Pills and Drug Weight: Part 2
Date: March 20, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
What the law calls admixtures count as the drug weight. for the purpose of State drug offences, the law looks at the total mass of the drug and not pure drug bulk. This means that even if the pill is very low in purity as long as it contains some MDMA, the total bulk of the pill is the amount that counts.
Criminal Law - What Do I Do When I Am Arrested?
Date: March 15, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
No-one who is arrested should be left to the mercy of the system as it can be a very unkind friend when you are in need. While it is important to co-operate with the police it is extremely important that you understand your rights and do nothing to prejudice yourself whilst in custody.
Employment Law - Workplace Bullying
Date: February 17, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Workplace bullying has been with us ever since the advent of the Industrial Revolution. Interestingly in New South Wales the Office of Industrial Relations of the NSW Department of Commerce provides scant information about this anti-social workplace behaviour.
Criminal Law - Serious Traffic and Drink Driving Offences
Date: February 16, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Immigration Law – Classes of Parent Visa and Application Process Fact Sheet
Date: February 16, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
There are 4 subclasses of current visas that can be applied for by parents outside Australia namely subclass 103(Parent), subclass 118(Designated Parent), subclass 143(Contributory Parent) and subclass 173(Contributory Parent (Temporary)).
Immigration Law - What To Do With Our Parents?
Date: February 16, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Commonly there is an expectation amongst parents of children in close knit families, particularly when a family is of humble means, that the children will grow up, gain a good education and be successful.
Employment Law - What Type Of Employee Am I?
Date: February 13, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Sometimes people become confused as to exactly which category of employment they fall in to. Of course there is the permanent employee or the casual or part-time or permanent part-time or even the independent subcontractor. The real difference between the various categories of employment is whether there is a contract of service or a contract for services.
What Impact Has Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) Had On Damages and Personal Responsibility?
Date: February 12, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Essentially the change has been profound as people are now required to look after themselves and take responsibility for their actions. The Civil Liability Act mainly deals with the question of damages whereas the amending Act deals with liability, but, with that said, the courts now pay proper respect for the concept of personal responsibility as required under the Civil Liability Act 2002 (NSW) ("the Act") and the Civil Liability Amendment (Personal Responsibility) Act 2003 ("the Amending Act").
What Insurance Crisis - Is There Really One Following The Collapse Of HIH and FAI?
Date: February 12, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Many commentators have gone out of their way to suggest there was an insurance crisis and that it arose out of increased litigation, more successful claims and higher awarded damages which led to the unaffordability of public, products and professional indemnity insurance.
Consumer Claims - What Are The Processes In The CTTT
Date: February 12, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Consumer Claims - What Do I Need To Know About Them?
Date: February 12, 2006
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The Consumer Claims Act (NSW) 1998 ("the Act") provides a cause of action, which is known as a consumer claim, to consumers together with a number of remedies. All consumer claims are based in contract, including an oral contract.
How can I recover money to get defective building work fixed?
Date: September 27, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Things are already going pretty badly for you. Instead of fulfilling your dreams, your building work has turned out to be a nightmare. So of course, you want to know if there’s some way you can get it fixed. In New South Wales, the Home Building Act sets out a dispute resolution procedure to get the builder to rectify any defective work. If the builder won’t co-operate, then you can make a claim to your home warranty insurer.
Criminal Law - Sentence and penalty options available to courts if convicted of a criminal offence
Date: September 26, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Murder. Bigamy. Robbery. Bushfires. Terrorism. Domestic violence. Computer offences. Concealing the birth of a child. Fraud. Rape. The list of criminal offences for which a person may be convicted in any Australian jurisdiction is extensive.
Employment Law - Bullying - Adults in the schoolyard
Date: September 26, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The idea of bullying has long been associated with naughty children in a schoolyard. But in recent years, there has been increased awareness and recognition in Australia that adults can be bullies too. Nowhere is this notion more alive than in the workplace, where high stress levels and hierarchies create a framework for day to day life.
Employment Law, Contract Law - Is a person who has a services company entitled to relief under s 106 of the Industrial Relations Act (NSW)?
Date: September 26, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The Civil Procedure Act 2005 (NSW)
Date: September 26, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
The Civil Procedure Act 2005 (NSW) commenced operation on 15 August 2005. The Act represents a major progression in the regulation of civil litigation in NSW. For the first time in history civil proceedings in the Supreme, District and Local Courts and the Dust Diseases Tribunal will be governed by one set of common rules.
Choosing a business structure - Which one is right for you?
Date: September 25, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
When starting out in business or changing the nature of your business you need to consider which method of operating the business is best for you.
Business and Commercial Law - Do’s and Don’ts for Small Businesses
Date: September 24, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Starting a new business can be a daunting operation. A remarkably high percentage of small businesses fail within the first five years of operation. Sometimes that is because the business itself is not sound. However, on other occasions the problem lies in a lack of planning or an ignorance of the many legal requirements that must be met by the small business operator.
Making a claim against an estate
Date: September 23, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Sometimes when a family member passes away some of the deceased’s relatives believe that they have not been adequately provided for in the deceased’s will.
The Criminal Aftermath of Drink Driving: Penalties and Sentences
Date: September 22, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Drink driving is an offence under the Road Transport (Safety & Traffic Management) Act 1999 (NSW) (the “Act”). In New South Wales there are effectively five categories of “prescribed concentration of alcohol” (PCA) offences.
Family Law - Responsible parents: the legal approach to raising children
Date: September 21, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Being a parent can be a wonderfully rewarding experience. However, often parents will face difficult circumstances such as divorce or separation that may detract from attending to the full responsibilities and duties towards a child according to law. At LAC lawyers, we can provide a clear guide as to your full rights and responsibilities as a parent under the family law system.
The Role of the Family Lawyer: Putting the “Proper” back into Property settlements
Date: September 20, 2005
Author(s): LAC Lawyers
Family law matters can be stressful for all parties involved. Most family law matters are resolved through negotiation, so it is important that you are aware of your legal rights. This is where a family lawyer can help. A lawyer can assist you obtain the best outcome and prevent potentially ongoing and costly legal complications.